Comprehension Exam Essay Samples: the Ultimate Convenience!

Comprehension Exam Essay Samples: the Ultimate Convenience! To put it differently, the course's information isn't cumulative and lets students concentrate on the most current concepts so that they do not have to remember trivial details like minor characters from the very first text at the close of the semester. Essentially, a plot is all the key events of a story working with each other to give it a point. It's important to not forget this form of expository essay allows for lots of artistic freedom. Perhaps the most significant point to bear in mind in writing essay exams is you have a limited quantity of time and space to get upon the knowledge you've acquired and your capacity to utilize it. In order to earn your topic timely, focus on current issues or find a means to make your preferred topic pertinent to what's going on in the world. Don't forget to write about either side of the argument, if you are requested to do so in the essay question. An essay has to be composed of an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. It defines a specific point of view. Cause and effect essays are written to supply an explanation of the way in which an action causes a result. These points are made to help you prepare for essay style examinations. Thus the right answer is the previous sentence of the passage. There should be a point. Please give reasons and explanations to back up your perspective. You need to make sure that you've got a paper that lacks errors. The research needed for the subject of censorship in libraries will change, based on the kind of research paper. Students get into a good trouble when they're asked to make a research report. Whispered Comprehension Exam Essay Samples Secrets Use every advantage you're given. Just take all the time you've been allotted. In the end, a student reviews that they've read for another moment. Take the time to read through and polish the essay to increase your likelihood of making a greater score. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Comprehension Exam Essay Samples Essay writing can be rather a challenge. Reading is among the four important language skills that ought to be mastered by stude nts. Essays are available in many forms. Essay writing skills is a tough and time-consuming endeavor. Comprehension Exam Essay Samples Ideas Make certain you recognize the question and are clear of what you are being requested to do. It is vital to select an intriguing problem for writing. You're not simply likely to encounter expository essays on your studies, this type of writing is also used by a number of specialists in their everyday routine when they must explain something or give written instructions. In different instances, there are many essays, and the test may also consist of multiple option, short answer, and other sorts of questions. Before you begin to write, you should gather all the required information because you have to be a specialist in that topic to instruct your readers appropriately. It's also advisable to avoid wordy explanations and irrelevant additional information that won't result in a better comprehension of the topic. If your topic is too narrow, you won't be in a position to satisfy the requirements. Furthermore, some topics may be too broad for all the pertinent questions to be answered. Characteristics of Comprehension Exam Essay Samples If a writer doesn't stick to a necessary format and number of pages, the paper is going to be of an extremely low quality. B. eat desserts at each meal. The abstract's purpose is to extend a quick review of what's in the remainder of the paper. The student might be permitted to bring in supporting materials like an annotated text and limited notes. Examinations are a rather common assessment and evaluation tool in universities and there are many sor ts of examination questions. Structure is essential for managing the stream of info in persuasive speeches. As soon as you have gathered ideas on this issue, you have to properly place your thoughts into words. The absolute most important feature to bear in mind when writing an expository essay is you ought ton't write about your own private opinions. Then you have to compose an essay on such topic. If you must write more than 1 essay, always indicate the amount of the essay so it's clear which question you're answering. Within this section you'll find samples of essays belonging to several essay types and manners of formatting. There are several different varieties of expository essays. Encyclopedias and popular magazines shouldn't be utilized in academic writing.

Should Reforms Laws Makef It Harder for a Divorce Essay

In the old days, it was so hard to get a legal divorce even if couples were unhappy. Courts would not dissolve a marriage without proof of misconduct. Today marriage educators, domestic violence experts, social workers, law makers and scholars are trying various ways to resolve marriage crisis through counseling, while divorce rates are still climbing yearly. Making it harder to obtain a divorce can have devastating effects long term emotionally, financially and physically, and socially on the children and adults as well. Making it harder for a marriage to be dissolved can have a great impact on children in positive and negative ways. Although reforming the laws of divorce should not be a primary source for solutions, but reforming†¦show more content†¦Divorce can have a minimal impact on society economically. Divorced women are more likely to work as a result of economic necessity, especially if there are children involved. Women have greater responsibility, after a divorc ed, because they are now the primary caregiver, in additional with child care cost as an added factor. Often time’s women and children of divorce become victims to government aid in assistance with government grants. Some of these grants include housing vouchers, medical insurance, transportation, and child care. After a breakup, household incomes drop as much as 15 percent, while higher poverty rates increase (Wolfinger, N, 2005). Although legislation proposals suggest marital classes approved by the department of human services, would aid in reconciliation of marriage. Everett contests, that forcing people to stay married promotes the possibility in domestic violence, money in counselling programs, while infringing freedom of one’s personal choice (Everett, 2014) During the Bush administration, $1.5 billion dollars would be spent to promote marriage through counseling. (Meyer, 2012) Everett continues to state â€Å"This is not a Communist government.†  "Reforming laws of divorce, is equivalent to choice of freedom of religion, politics, and pro-choice† (Everett, 2014). Marriage is a personal and private choice, it is not government policy. Without addressing the political views the purpose to bring divorce under social

Program Evaluation; Plan for Needs Assessment ABC University

Questions: Suppose that the ABC University is considering implementing a new Freshman orientation program for the purpose of improving retention rates and that you are called upon to conduct a needs assessment for such a program. In no more than 5 pages, sketch a plan for how you would conduct such a needs assessment. Address the following points: What would be your operating definition of need? (Account for the fact that ABC University may already have some programs in place to orient freshman and improve retention, but you do not need to investigate the specifics of those programs.) What sources of information would you use for the assessment of need? What kinds of instruments would you use to gather data from those sources (e.g. surveys, focus groups, etc.). What steps would you take to ensure validity and reliability of your measures of need? Be sure to discuss validity and reliability separately and define both concepts. Discuss how the results of your proposed analysis could be used to im prove decision-making: what kinds of recommendations could flow from this analysis? Answers: Phase I Organize: The higher education institutes like the colleges and the universities are alarmingly focusing their objective to deliver quality education and equally important is the focus on the ways and methods to increase the retention rates of their students. A large number of institutes are taking initiatives to improve the retention rates through organizing programs and services. The universities are engaging to improve the retention rates by arranging and initiating orientation programs or student support services. ABC University is planning for a new freshman orientation program in order to improve the retention rates of the institution. A systematic approach that advances through an array of phases is the Needs Assessment. The main focus of the Needs Assessment is on the net outcome that needs to be achieved rather than the process in which the outcomes are to be achieved. The needs assessors determine that they will scrutinize the students who are discontinue their studies. (Resources, 2015) Formation Of A Needs Assessment Committee A Needs Assessment Committee comprising of 10 people who includes the Dean of the University, the faculty members and the administrative staffs of the university is constituted. They have a record of dedication towards the welfare of the university and have the desire to improve the retention rate of the university. The committee has been sanctioned by the organizational administration and is responsible to report to them on a regular basis. Learning The Needs Assessment Committee and its members ask the Orientation Program Leaders if they have knowledge about the rate at which the new students would be enrolling in the university and the number of students who are on the verge of leaving the university. The needs assessment committee also search for data from the US Census Bureau on the rates of the students actually graduating and the rates of students who actually enroll and leave the university. Some useful data and information are gathered where programs and initiatives have been taken to improve the rate of retention of the university. Synthesize data and move on with targets: The Needs Assessment needs to focus on a particular target group. The most common target groups in the field of education are the students, parents, professors, administrators and the community as a whole. ABC University includes the concerns of the university regarding the university attrition rate and ways and methods to improve the retention rates. The information that is required in this case is that the reason behind such attrition so that the focus of the strategy of the retention must be on these issues. The Needs Assessment Committee and its members identified five categories of issues that affect the attrition rates of the students: (COMPREHENSIVE NEEDS ASSESSMENT, 2015) Personal- the personal reasons for attrition of the students include lack of security, unrealistic expectation regarding the university, certain loss and stress and the mismatch that can arise between the institution and the student. Social- this include social isolation within the university, uninvolved in the activities of the universities and even little or no interaction with the faculty or the advisory members. Academic- includes low academic performance, weak in studies, no involvement in assignments and courses, and lack of proper goals for career. Life issues- this include financial insecurity, time problem related to university and job, difficulties arising from family, and problems related to health. Institutional issues- in this category negative atmosphere in classrooms, and administrative offices, experience poor standard of teaching, lack of proper academic programs and prevalence of operational problems. Thus, focus groups can be formed from these set of students. Phase II Data collection: The Needs Assessment Committee assigned four basic instruments or methods of collecting data from the sources: (Boden, 2011) Qualitative Data Collection The Needs Assessment Committee arranges the focus groups of students and gathers more information regarding the reason behind their retention. Five focus groups have been identified and the programs are conducted. The focus group is initiated and leaded by a member of the committee who is believed to be neutral and has the experience of conducting focus group before. The data collection can be done in two ways. They are: (McCawly, 2015) Some of the guided questions that can be asked to the focus group are: Do you want to continue to study in this university? Why dont you want to continue in this university? What problems are you facing in this university? What changes do you want to see in the university? Suggest a way to deal with your problem. How can the educational, administrative and other aspects of the university be improved? The response of the focus group is recorded in an audio recorder and one of the member takes notes while the survey and interview. The findings from the focus group are combined with the findings from the survey and interviews so that the committee gets a complete knowledge about the problem of students leaving the university, what type of problems every student faces, what solutions can be implemented and strategies taken to solve their problems etc. Quantitative data collection: To identify the students who tend to leave the university, another survey (by SurveyMonkey) must be done as to collect numerical data regarding the number of students graduating, number of students present at the freshman orientation program, number of students actually enrolled in the university and number of students leaving the university. Phase III Steps and solutions: The reliability of the needs assessment is the measurement of the strategies whether they are consistent and accurate (Assessment.tki.org.nz, 2015) By validity we mean that the extent to which the measure taken is actually operating the way it was designed. (Uni.edu, 2015) The university should provide academic advising services, expanding tutoring and coaching services, healthcare programs, establish a group of freshman which will allow the students of similar interests to interact and use the automated, social media like Twitter and Facebook to contact with every student and allow them share their problems for solutions. The university can also put a check on the academic performance of the weak students. (Improving Student Retention and Graduation Rates, 2011) Recommendations: The results obtained from the analysis are that students can get involved with the university activity more through the social media and will be able to seek help with the advisors, students can enhance their performance by the extended tutor services and will no longer will be weak in academics, students will remain fit within the campus of the university through the healthcare programs and all these will help to improve the retention rates.The recommendations that can be made is to develop counseling sessions for students having issues in their families or religions, also initiate incentives for students who are financially unstable and provide them with scholarships and formulate trainings for the faculty and administrators to manage the university with positive attitudes. (Wojciechowski, 2015) References Resources, U. (2015).Needs Assessment. [online] Ucanr.edu. Available at: https://ucanr.edu/sites/CEprogramevaluation/Needs_Assessment_Resources/ [Accessed 17 Mar. 2015]. Assessment.tki.org.nz, (2015).Reliability and validity / Concept / Concepts / Using evidence for learning / Home - Assessment. [online] Available at: https://assessment.tki.org.nz/Using-evidence-for-learning/Concepts/Concept/Reliability-and-validity [Accessed 13 Mar. 2015]. Boden, G. (2011). Retention and Graduation Rates: Insights from an Extended Longitudinal View.Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory and Practice, 13(2), pp.179-203. Comprehensive Needs Assessment. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www2.ed.gov/admins/lead/account/compneedsassessment.pdf [Accessed 13 Mar. 2015]. Improving Student Retention and Graduation Rates. (2011). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.mybrcc.edu/intranet/attachments/article/110/Improving%20Student%20Retention%20and%20Graduation%20Rates.pdf [Accessed 13 Mar. 2015]. McCawly, P. (2015).Methods For Consucting Needs Assessment. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edcomm/pdf/BUL/BUL0870.pdf [Accessed 13 Mar. 2015]. Uni.edu, (2015).Reliability and Validity. [online] Available at: https://www.uni.edu/chfasoa/reliabilityandvalidity.htm [Accessed 13 Mar. 2015]. Wojciechowski, A. (2015).Case Study-Conducting a Needs Assessment. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://sites.psu.edu/wfed573/wp-content/uploads/sites/8138/2014/01/Academic-and-Career-Development-Preparation-for-College-Students_-Alexa-T.-Wojciechowski.pdf [Accessed 13 Mar. 2015].

Myne Own Ground free essay sample

The 17th century was an important time period as the New World continued to develop into a society run by English settlers. The book, Myne Owne Ground, by Timothy Breen, focuses on the colonial history of the 1600’s. However, what is discussed in the book does not detail what was accomplished in this time period. Rather, Breen pinpoints the classes of people such as slaves, indentured servants, and free blacks; how they came to become part of those groups and when racism first started. For decades, not all blacks were slaves and servants. Some blacks were free men in the New World. That would only become a short memory, though, as the idea of being non-white turned into the biggest embarrassment in American history; slavery. Historians make everything interesting. One would think that racism started when the first black people came to Virginia. And from then on, all English setters in the New World automatically loathed blacks because they were ‘different. We will write a custom essay sample on Myne Own Ground or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ’ But of course, a historian comes in and makes us all look dumb. Myne Owne Ground particularly focuses on one free black man named Anthony Johnson, also known when he came to America as ‘Antonio a negro.’ His story reshaped what historians originally thought about early colonial history. Anthony arrived in Virginia in 1621 and was stationed to work in the Bennett plantation to work in the tobacco fields as a slave. After a year of this new life, the Indians (you know, the people who are still mad about this whole colonial settlement going on) decided to attack and kill over 350 colonists, 52 of those people being part of the Bennett plantation. Anthony was one of the rare survivors. Breen notes that from 1625-1650, Anthony’s life becomes somewhat of a mystery because of lost or unrecorded events. Historians do not know how he became Anthony Johnson (back then, blacks were not even given surnames). However, the puzzle of those missing 25 years can start to be solved in 1625 when Anthony met his future wife and bearer of 4 children, Mary. It is unknown when this new family moved to Northampton, Virginia, but what is known (and respected) was the amount of hard work Anthony and his family put into being successful. Hard work in the fields led to the growth and production of tobacco, a very popular crop in the colonial time period. Throughout the next couple decades, Anthony gained the respect of all of Northampton, including his neighbors and even the court system. He took advantage of being a free man. In a new world where the death rate was at an unprecedented number due to illnesses, diseases, starvation, changing climates, and Indian attacks, Anthony not only survived the fun game of life in the 17th century, but he also put his family in a position to be successful in a white man’s world. Because Anthony was successful, free, and respected by his peers, it is believed that racism didn’t start immediately, but gradually grew over time. To support my point, it is important to note the 1640 act regarding the gun law different people were restricted to. The act stated and urged masters of families to do right with their weapons and distribute it for the betterment of their families, with the exception of negros. The act did not say that a free man like Anthony had to give up his weapons. This tells us that in 1640, nearly 20 years after Anthony’s arrival, racism hadn’t hit its peak in Virginia. The act was more about the taxation of weapons; however, this law did discriminate against some blacks, (servants and slaves) a starting point for what was to come. Servants were white or black people from different countries that came to the New World seeking for new beginnings. Being tricked and brainwashed that the New World was all peaches and cream, the servants were bought by masters and had to serve for 5-7 years before they could be free individuals. Slaves, on the other hand, had minimal chance for light at the end of the tunnel. Both at the time, however, were not characterized as people, rather property. More historical studies show that 1640 marked a turning point year for the unfair treatment of blacks. Two white servants and one black servant attempted to flee, but failed. The white servants received 30 lashes and years of extra service. The black servant received 30 lashes and was ordered to serve the rest of his life, ultimately becoming a slave. Breen emphasizes multiple more instances like the example above of black mistreatment ranging all the way to the 1670’s. Free blacks were still there until the early 1980’s, after Bacon’s Rebellion. It is a mystery to historians, but free black families no longer appeared in the records. One idea is that there were black slaves coming into America by the thousands and because of this, whites were being overwhelmed with the ratio between races. Therefore, whites stripped blacks of any power that they had. Another speculation was that blacks, coming from different cultures, didn’t understand the technological advantage in the growing New World, and eventually hit extreme poverty and did not survive. No matter what the cause, 1688 marked the year free blacks were taxed as slaves. A 1699 act told newly freed blacks to leave the colony within 6 months time. And finally, in 1723, it wasn’t only the colony the free blacks had to flee from; it was the country. Out casting and slavery to all blacks was the end result by the early 18th Century, nearly 100 years from the time Anthony Johnson first came. Northampton’s free blacks did not survive. Their surprisingly dramatic rise in the New World did not continue for the generations they expected. By the time 1723 rolled around, everything they accomplished was only a memory. For the average black person, what was once a hopeful dream turned into a haunting reality.

Free Essays on On The Standard Of Taste

On the standard of taste, David Hume describes an aesthetic judgment as not really a judgment at all, but a matter of sentiment upon the basis of being agreeable and/ or pleasurable. This sentiment is always real, and has a reference to nothing beyond its own self, so we are not making plain judgments about the quality of something (257). Taste is based on a feeling (sentiment), and a feeling is a personal response, therefore there is no objective beauty if taste is a matter of sentiment. Since beauty isn’t even a quality in things themselves, and sentiments give rise to different opinions, this leads us to a theory of aesthetic relativism; relativism in which we find that conscious activity, perceptions and influences are varied and individual. Since every one has their own opinion of what is good and what is bad, Hume directs his concerns in determining who is right based on the aspects of â€Å"taste†. Hume states that there must be a standard of taste in which an audience can adhere to. A rule by which the various sentiments of men may become reconciled would be the standard in virtue. A rule in art with relating sentiments could become the standard of taste by a bringing of common response. There are types of rules that bring a certain conformity or relation between the object and the organs or faculties of the mind (258). This rule can take on two different aspects, one in composition and the other in criticism. In each of these cases, the rule links a particular response with an aesthetic quality or the way of composing art. For a musician, a more pleasurable effect could be to expand on different chord changes, or to not stay in one key. For the critic, the rule might take shape as to say that a consi stent key would not please a good critic. In Hume’s way of defining elements of the standard of taste, he pushes the act of how to be an audience, which will entail into being a good critic of art with the parall... Free Essays on On The Standard Of Taste Free Essays on On The Standard Of Taste On the standard of taste, David Hume describes an aesthetic judgment as not really a judgment at all, but a matter of sentiment upon the basis of being agreeable and/ or pleasurable. This sentiment is always real, and has a reference to nothing beyond its own self, so we are not making plain judgments about the quality of something (257). Taste is based on a feeling (sentiment), and a feeling is a personal response, therefore there is no objective beauty if taste is a matter of sentiment. Since beauty isn’t even a quality in things themselves, and sentiments give rise to different opinions, this leads us to a theory of aesthetic relativism; relativism in which we find that conscious activity, perceptions and influences are varied and individual. Since every one has their own opinion of what is good and what is bad, Hume directs his concerns in determining who is right based on the aspects of â€Å"taste†. Hume states that there must be a standard of taste in which an audience can adhere to. A rule by which the various sentiments of men may become reconciled would be the standard in virtue. A rule in art with relating sentiments could become the standard of taste by a bringing of common response. There are types of rules that bring a certain conformity or relation between the object and the organs or faculties of the mind (258). This rule can take on two different aspects, one in composition and the other in criticism. In each of these cases, the rule links a particular response with an aesthetic quality or the way of composing art. For a musician, a more pleasurable effect could be to expand on different chord changes, or to not stay in one key. For the critic, the rule might take shape as to say that a consi stent key would not please a good critic. In Hume’s way of defining elements of the standard of taste, he pushes the act of how to be an audience, which will entail into being a good critic of art with the parall...

CUSTOM TERM PAPERS ENGLISH WRITERS

CUSTOM TERM PAPERS ENGLISH WRITERS Our online custom writing service works together with professional English writers. Being on the market over 9 years, we have created unique team of workers including technical support, writers, customer service support, managers, etc. who are able to assist you with any type of academic assignment you receive today. If you have a high academic level college or university assignment, delegate your task to our professional team of custom term papers english writers. Being a 24/7 operational service, we are able to deliver the writing from high level essay to Ph.D. level dissertation. A specialty of our service is overnight assignment completion or 6-hour urgency orders. Whatever case you have, our professionally experienced writers are able to deliver the job on time. In case some changes need to be made, apply for academic assignment revision free of charge as many times as you want. Ordering your academic assignment today with us is a step to success. CUSTOM TERM PAPERS ENGLISH WRITERS We don’t like to keep it a secret, but our writing department handles hundreds of essay requests every single day. We have the team of custom term papers english writers stand by because the assistance may be needed very often. And we have found that we should talk more about process essay type. Process essay is the type of essay that aims to present a description of a specific process or how the things are done. Process essay will focus on describing the series of steps or actions that are being taken in order to achieve certain or desired results. So you have to start with process essay name or title and it must be completely informative and straight forward.   Next step you move on to tell your audience what kind of process you are going to analyze. Keep in mind that it is vital to accentuate important parts of the process and to show their importance to the reader as well. Keep your mind on overall process essay intention which is to describe a particular process. Choose the manner of writing that you feel comfortable with. Write as you would leave no questions to be asked from your reader. And make sure the information you provide in your process essay is basic and simple.

Capstone Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Capstone Project - Research Paper Example This essay focuses on hospitals that have recently started to incorporate risk management in their operations. The researcher explores the major role of the risk management department is to make sure that the organization does not make unnecessary loss due to Potentially Compensable Events. These are occurrences that can result due to litigation against the providers in health care. Furthermore, health care providers are also forced to compensate the injured patients, doctors and others in such cases. Generally modern hospitals offer varied services like the ambulance, surgery services, emergency services and partial hospitalization and etc. In addition, several health care officers help in the provision of patient care. Thus, today hospitals often have their regulatory body which controls their operations online. Thus, most hospitals have occurrence report system which allows the risk managers to track down online the Potentially Compensable Events and later identify the risk areas in the organization which can be improved. Therefore, there has to be procedures and policies that should be enforced to identify common errors that which have to be reported. The researcher explaines such policies, such as error reporting, that should be impartial as some hospitals have started to embrace an electronic system. This allows the risk managers to receive, analyze and then review the reports online in real time, which leads to successful and quick administration of the problem occured.

Meeting stakeholders needs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Meeting stakeholders needs - Assignment Example Stakeholders can be further subdivided into two groups: Internal stakeholders: people or group belonging within a business – owners, employees. External stakeholders: people or group belonging outside the business – debt holders, creditors, government, customers, community (BBC, 2013). 1. b. Diagram depicting the stakeholders in an organization (Source: BBC, 2013) 1. c i) Employees (internal stakeholders) in my organization are provided with bonus at the time of their monthly salary. They are also given performance based incentives/appraisals. In my field of work, where there is extensive use of chemicals, workers are given proper training as to how to use them safely and high quality equipments are provided to them in order to build a safe working environment. Customers (external stakeholders) are provided with good quality products and services, ensuring a timely and safe delivery of products. Customer feedbacks are constantly monitored. These are the tasks and respon sibilities assigned to us, as engineers, sales and shop floor operators of the organization. ii) Ensuring an effective communication between the internal stakeholders and the management is an important framework by means of which the former can convey their expectations and needs to the latter and through this the management extracts necessary detail to know the needs of the stakeholders in terms of quality, quantity, timeliness and cost. As far as the external stakeholders are concerned, keeping track of their feedbacks, as well as conducting timely surveys is one way of knowing their needs in terms of quality, quantity, timeliness and cost. 1. d A process involves set of steps and activities designed to perform a certain task in order to reach a specified objective. In other words it can also be described as â€Å"the way in which the abstract goal of putting customers first gets turned on its practical consequences† (Seethamraju, 2012, p. 537). 1. e. The difference between the cost of manufacturing a product and the amount received when that product is sold is termed as the value added to that product (Business Dictionary, 2013b). 1. f. In my field of work, re – works/repairs, defects, chemical waste, delays, poor material allocation, unnecessary material handling is considered as non value adding activities (Alwi, Hampson, and Mohamed, 2002). 1. g. i) I work for an organization which specializes in photo – etching. It is a process which produces complex metal parts with precise detail by adopting a tightly controlled corrosion mechanism (Precision micro, 2013). ii) Photosensitive polymers, metal sheets, stencils, chemicals, UV ray source are key inputs to a photo etching process (Leeweston1980, 2010). iii) The products derived from photo etching process are electronics packaging components, frets & harnesses, medical devices & implants etc. iv) Materials used as inputs (as mentioned above) are changed or used up by the process whereas the workforce involved/the activity involved in the process remains unchanged. v) The amount generated after the output product is sold less the cost involved in the production is the value added to the product. TASK 2 2.a.i. The different stakeholders involved in this incident can be classified into two divisions namely: Internal Stakeholders: The employees working for Swinton. External Stakeholders: The customer and the supplying insurance company. 2.a.ii. As

Basic Cash Management Process Essay Example for Free

Basic Cash Management Process Essay Every company can be viewed as a cash pool into which funds flow from various sources. Several techniques are used to speed the collection of such funds. Conversely, cash flows out of the pool for payables and other disbursement reasons. An important aspect of cash management is to control tightly both cash inflows and outflows. When cash inflows exceed cash outflows, surplus cash builds up. This surplus can be used to repay debts or for investment in marketable securities. Alternatively, when outgoing funds exceed the inflow, the firm must raise money by borrowing or by selling some marketable securities. THE CONCEPT OF FLOAT A cash managers job is to make payments to others as slowly as possible and to convert into cash – or clear – payments received from others as quickly as possible. The reason is float, the most important element of cash management. Float is the amount of uncollected funds moving through the financial transfer system. It shows up as the difference between the balance shown on a firms checking account and the balance on the banks books. For example, suppose a firm writes, on average, $100,000 of checks daily. If it takes four days for checks to clear and be deducted from the firms bank balance, the firms own books will show a cash balance that is $400,000 less than the banks records indicate. The firm has the use of these funds, called disbursement float, as long as this situation persists. On the other hand, the firm loses the use of check-clearing float – one component of collection float – on the checks that it has deposited in its account but that have not yet cleared. Suppose the firm deposits $90,000 in checks every day, and these checks clear in three days on average. The firms books then show cash balances that are $270,000 larger than the banks books indicate. Thus, the firms net float – the difference between its $400,000 disbursement float and its $270,000 check-clearing float – is $130,000. This means that the firms actual cash balance is $130,000 greater than its recorded cash balance. The firm can invest or otherwise spend these excess funds. The float on an individual item can be measured in dollar-days and is calculated as the amount of the check multiplied by the number of days of delay until that check clears: Alternatively, the average daily float can be calculated as the average daily receipts multiplied by the average delay in collecting each dollar.   The average delay in collecting a dollar equals the total dollar-days of float divided by the total amount received during the period or Average Delay The existence of float lies at the core of every system designed to accelerate, decelerate, or control corporate funds. By reducing collection float, the corporate treasurer can accelerate cash flow and enhance the return on current assets. Similarly, corporate cash flow may be improved by increasing disbursement float. The value of decreasing collection float or increasing disbursement float is tied to the opportunity cost of funds. It can be measured as   Value of Float = Dollar Amount of Float times Time times Interest Rate For example, suppose a firm can reduce the collection time on $5 million of receivables by three days. Assuming that it will invest this money at an annual interest rate of 10 percent, it will earn interest at a rate of .10/365 per day on the $5 million. Therefore, the value of a three-day reduction in collection float is $5,000,000 times 3 times 0.10/365 = $4,109.59 If collections ordinarily average $5 million daily and the company managed to reduce the float permanently by three days, it would then be able to free up $15 million in working capital. At 10 percent interest, this reduction in float is worth $1.5 million ($5,000,000 times 3 times .10) annually. Using a 10 percent discount rate, the present value of this permanent reduction in float is $15 million ($1,500,000/.10). Reworking this example with a different interest rate, say 6 percent, reveals that if the company can permanently free up $15 million in working capital, its shareholders will be $15 million richer ($900.000/.6), regardless of the interest rate. In other words, the value created by a permanent reduction in float is independent of the interest rate. Collection Float Collection float is the time that receivables spend in the process of being collected. It consists of the following four elements: 1.Invoicing float is the interval from the time a company creates an invoice and mails it to the customer until the customer places the payment in the mail. During this phase of the collection cycle, the cash manager has no control over the funds. 2.Mail float, the next phase in the cycle, is the time taken by the U.S. Postal Service to deliver the customers check. 3.Having received payment, the company experiences processing float, the flow of the check through the companys accounting system on its way to be deposited. 4.Finally, there is check-clearing float. This is the time it takes to clear each check deposited. Invoicing float may be reduced only by changing the payment terms. The other three types of float are controllable. A.2 discusses the various means to accelerate the collection of funds. Exhibit A.1 illustrates the various types of collection float.

High and Popular Islam Essay -- Islam History Religion

History of the Middle East and North Africa 600-1258 Unlike India that has a clearly defined caste system to divide classes, other nations have classes that are implied by economic and social differences. The Middle East after the rise of Islam had an implied class system as well, referred to as High Islam and Popular or Low Islam. There is no actual High and Popular Islam that people are officially divided into, but is perceived through historical analysis. They are concepts derived from historical findings that provide a way to compare and contrast the people, religion, and government of Islam. (Frierson) Hopefully this essay will shed some light on these concepts. â€Å"Allah is the Protector of those who have faith: from the depths of darkness He will lead them forth into light.† (Cow 2:257) Jesus Christ would never have expected animated DVD’s, Santa upstaging neither his ‘birthday’, nor the endless sects of Christians all claiming to truly understand his message and scripture. (Unless of course one is Christian and believes he is god and therefore knows all) Whether Muhammad foresaw the possibility of the Muslim community headed for similar disregard of the sacred is debatable. However, the fact that the sin of idolatry was so feared by Muslims has proven substantial power to suppress the same abandonment of the sacred that Christianity has modernized to. Despite the lack of Muhammad dolls and Allah t-shirts, the religion of Islam evolved into a government, empire, and ultimately a vague ideal of holiness interpreted thousands of ways. Having a faceless, mysterious deity not only prevented commercialism of a religion, but served to allow any culture to adopt their unique vision of God. When Muhammad first formed the small... ... English translation of The Koran. London: Penguin Classics, 2006. Specific Sura The Cow (Referred to as Cow) Frierson, Elizabeth. In-class lectures, PowerPoint’s, and Portfolio Guidelines University of Cincinnati Course Number 15-HIST-170-001, 20 September- October 2010. (Referred to as Frierson) Haug, Dr. In-class lectures and PowerPoint’s, University of Cincinnati Course Number 15-HIST-170-001, 20 September- October 2010. (Referred to as Haug) Lewis, Bernard. Islam: from the Prophet Muhammad to the Capture of Constantinople, Volume 1. Oxford University Press, 1987. (Referred to as Lewis 1) Lewis, Bernard. Islam: from the Prophet Muhammad to the Capture of Constantinople, Volume 2. Oxford University Press, 1987. (Referred to as Lewis 2) Ochsenwald, William and Sidney Fisher. The Middle East: A History. McGraw-Hill, 2004. (Referred to as F&O)

“Hunters in the Snow” by Tobias Wolff Essay

In â€Å"Hunters in the Snow† by Tobias Wolff, we see three characters who apparently appear to be close friends but then as the story moves they lose their patience with each other. In the story, the reader notices how the cold temperatures started to create an impact on each of the characters. It brings out the complexities in their character. In due course of time the reader comes across the true self of the characters. Their simmering resentment towards each other is aptly highlighted by the author amidst the appropriate setting of the cold bleak winter season. When concentrating on the conversation that takes place between the men the reader realizes that underneath all the friendship there is a cruelness of words that cuts to the deep as the men flaunt the others weaknesses and seem to be ignorant of the effect that the words will have on the emotional state of the other. The atmosphere plays a very crucial role in defining the theme for a story. When used to its full potential it can stir deep feelings in the reader that go beyond rational thought. Tobias Wolff in his short story †Hunters in the Snow† uses this factor to create atmosphere and a sense of crisis. The story craftly uses the setting and thereby makes it a fascinating study in self-absorption. Wolff draws three strongly distinct characters in a small space, and again manages to convey the ambiguities and complexities of human interaction and personal struggle. The story begins with Tub waiting for his friends Frank and Kenny â€Å"for an hour in the falling snow.† In the same paragraph we find Tub is walking down the street, carrying a rifle and seemingly, shooting the breeze. The cold and the waiting surely creates an impact in the mood of the character. Tub is restless from the wait and the cold adds on to it. Besides, aiming at the breeze fairly depicts that the character continues to be impatient and will later ironically reflect the true nature of Tub. The snow let up, but still there was no edge to the land where it met the sky. Nothing moved in the chalky fields. The cold bleached their faces and made the stubble stand out on their cheeks and along their upper lips. They stopped twice for coffee before they got to the woods where Kenny wanted to hunt.   Wolff builds up the story on the platform of cold weather and the impact of the cold on each character slowly builds up. As they ride together in Kenny’s truck, we learn more about them. They are traveling in an old truck with a hole in the windshield, making it a very cold journey.   Once again the cold seems to follow them throughout the journey. On the trip into the woods, and while they are walking around searching for tracks, we realize the fact that Kenny and Frank don’t seem to like Tub very much. Not only that, they seems to exclude him from walking with them in the forest, they make fun of him about his eating habits and even try driving off without him. Tub, had an overweight problem and because of the cold temperatures and the snow he couldn’t keep up easily with his friends. â€Å"When Tub crossed the last fence into the toad the truck started moving. Tub had to run for it and just managed to grab hold of the tailgate and hoist himself into the bed. He lay there, panting. Kenny looked out the rear window and grinned.† Kenny kept taunting Tub about his weight all the while. Even though he appeared to be the most sensitive guy in the group, the reader sees a changed character in him at the end. It is probable that Kenny tortured Tub to an intolerable point and that Kenny’s joke backfired. It is through misunderstanding that Tub shoots Kenny. The difficulty that he was going through walking in the cold weather and troubled with himself bothered him enough and made him more and more impatient with time. Apparently we find the nice guy ending up shooting his friend Kenny. This reaction wasn’t expected from him but the reader can feel the frustration that this character has in his life and how the need of keeping warm made him leave his friend behind. Later in the story, Tub finally reveals to Frank the truth about his gluttony. Tub admits, â€Å"I’ve even got stuff (snacks)†¦ He who is â€Å"self conscious about his weight and in denial about his gluttony† apparently ends up in a confession while he tries to keep himself warm during their journey towards the hospital. Frank, on the other hand, seems much more mature and emotionally stable then Tub, while also seems to be the parent figure of the group. He â€Å"doesn’t care about his wife, and is in denial about his lust.† Frank was troubled with his family. He liked a fifteen year old girl who was his babysitter. The freezing temperature and his confused thoughts kept running through his head all the while. This prevented him from thinking rationally and therefore it did not bother him after Kenny was shot and lay freezing to death in the back of the truck. His selfishness was so obvious when kept talking only about himself. This reached its limit when he tried to keep himself warm and thereby ended up taking Kenny’s blankets and let him back there without any regret. He seemed to be the toughest one among them but when Tub couldn’t take him anymore and confronted him he backed up and showed otherwise. In the beginning, he seems like a simple guy. He just basically does whatever Kenny demands of him, and seems to be the calm, undemanding one of the trio. He tells Kenny and Tub to stop obsessing over the hunting: â€Å"‘Relax,’ Frank said. ‘You can’t hurry nature. If we’re meant to get that deer, we’ll get it. If we’re not, we won’t.’† (142). However, later in the story, the plot of the story begins to prove that Frank is not so innocent. He follows whoever has the most power at the moment. After the â€Å"power shift† from Kenny to Tub, Frank beings to follow Tub’s lead. He seems to not even care that his previous best friend is dying in the back of the truck†¦The hunting grounds and the cold weather makes them invariably confide in each other secrets about their personal lives, and enjoy each other’s company immensely. As the story continues, Tub and Frank become more interested in patching up their differences and less concerned with Kenny, to an extent that becomes strange. Kenny, appears to be the comic character of the bunch, and is always in a kind of light-hearted mood, joking around, even while shooting the dog. He â€Å"doesn’t care about anyone or anything.† Kenny appears to be going crazy in due course of time. With all playfulness he keeps saying â€Å"I hate that tree,† and shoots a tree. Next, he approaches the farmer’s dog, and says, â€Å"I hate that dog,† and shoots the dog. Finally, he approaches Tubs and says, â€Å"I hate you Tubs.†Ã‚   And this was when he was shot in his stomach by Tubs.   This reaction of Kenny’s shows his sheer desperation to an unsuccessful hunting trip. Frank and Tub even lie to Kenny at the end, letting him believe that he is being taken to the hospital even though they had no intentions of doing so. Kenny in the story bears the impact of cold to the maximum. He is left at the back in cold for a long time since Frank and Tubs were busy taking breaks to warm themselves up. His blankets are taken away to keep others warm. The story ends in a highly un- dramatic way, with Tub and Frank changing paths away from the hospital, and Kenny freezing in the truck bed, thinking he’s on his way to safety.   He tried to keep himself warm by repeating constantly that he is on his way to the hospital thereby fooling his own self till the end. His world comes to a standstill and he turns quieter than his usual self in pain and cold. His   pain made his brains numb and therefore even though he knew that he was no where near to the hospital, yet he kept repeating that he was on his way to the hospital. The monotony of words provided him the comfort of warmth. The freezing weather made these characters act erratically in the story. With Frank and Tub being in denial of what is happening, they neglected Kenny to the point of his death. Kenny lay at the back of the truck while Tub and Frank pull off to the side of the road three separate times, once for coffee, once to warm their hands from the frigid cold and a third time so Tub could hoard some pancakes because Frank felt pity for his seemingly unchangeable diet. These stops are increasingly random and seem completely inappropriate seeing that there is a man possibly dying in the back of the truck. This inconsiderate attitude of the three men who apparently called themselves as friends and the effect of their words targeted at each others weak points makes for a rather perverse realization that under these men’s simple appearances lies a cruel complexity of human nature, which is as frigid as the snow on the ground.† The reader realizes how all their internal problems plus the weather got into them and showed unexpected reactions from a group of friends that went on a trip. Wolff has taken an ordinary setting and environment of the woods and the snow,   and turned it into an extraordinary event for the three men participating in it. Literary critic, Karen Bernardo mentions, that the different turn the three friends have taken is away from being human beings, and towards being no better then animals.†    References: http://www.megaessays.com/viewpaper/26578.html Perrine’s Literature : Structure, Sound, and Sense (Hardcover); Thomas R. Arp (Author), Greg Johnson (Author) Bernardo, Karen. Tobias Wolff’s â€Å"Hunters in the Snow†. Storybites: A Taste of the World’s Best Short Stories. May 21, 2003.   

Banduras Theory

Albert Bandura became a significant icon in the field of experimentation on the aspect of behavioral patterns associated with aggression. In this perspective, Bandura created certain procedures to view how the behavioral pattern of aggression is related and developed in each individual through being exposed in the sociological aspect. In this experiment, Bandura employed the use of a Bobo doll as part of his techniques of displaying aggression on his chosen subject, which is a group of prepubescent child.His experimentation subject was particularly chosen as they have less social conditioning due to their young age and minimally developed behavioral patterns thus, achieving better observation results. From this experiment, Bandura has found that aggression is indeed communicated through exposure and imitation making the influenced subjects display the same aggressive behavioral pattern as they witnessed in the experiment.Relating to the same approach while developing a new experiment ation method, the author of this paper wishes to create an experiment displaying the influence of aggression in the behavioral pattern of the exposed individuals. In this experiment, children will likewise be used as subjects in the experiment, which will be classified under three groups namely the aggressive, non-aggressive, and the neutral. The first two groups will be further classified into two based on gender to determine if the gender factor will influence the transition in the experimentation.Each child will be separated individually in an isolated individual in which, they will watch a particular video of a either a man or woman based on the gender of the subject that fixes a particular problem with different approach. The aggressive batch will be shown a video of an aggressive approach of fixing the problem in the medium while the second will witnessed a non-aggressive approach. The video indeed in this experiment will be served as the model thus, also proving if aggressive behaviors depicted in modern communication can likewise influence the minds of the public.After the period of viewing, the subjects will be transferred into another room separated individually wherein they will perform the same task displayed in the video to observe whether the children will perform similarly to the approach displayed by their models. In this experiment, the significant influence of aggressive behaviors on the behavioral pattern of the child will be measured in their personal approach of performing the same tasks.In this experiment, it should be noted that one particular objective is inducing non-aggressive behaviors in the children. Expected prior to this experiment is that having model performing non-aggressive approach towards a certain tasks will significant influence the behavioral pattern of the children exposed to the said action. As such, this approach will be taken and implemented as a practical medium in a children institution to induce non-aggressive beh avior.Showing simple video or film characterized by non-aggressive approach can indeed be used as a practical medium of encouraging and inducing non-aggressive behaviors in the children in their personal tasks and social activities. Bibliography Bandura, Albert & Walters, Richard H. (1959). Adolescent Aggression: A Study of the Influence of Child-Training Practices and Family Interrelationships. Ronald Publication, New York. ISBN-10: 0826006876.

buy custom Small Business essay

buy custom Small Business essay Small businesses are easy to start and develop as compared to large ones. A business is said to be small depending on various factors, which differ from one country to the other. In the U.S., a business is regarded as small if it has less than 500 employees. Other criteria are asset, sales and annual profits. They are vital to any countries economy through providing employment, revenue among others. The following paper is a description of the concepts, general terms and statistics of small business. It also outlines the benefits the small businesses have on the economy. I will refer to the U.S economy throughout this paper. Small Businesses A small business is a business in which ownership and operation are privately managed, and whose sales volume is relatively low. Whether a business is small, is usually determined by the number of employees, which are the same time ranges from one country to the other. In the U.S., companies with less than 500 employees are classified as small businesses. Other criteria for small business classification are net profit, assets and sales. A study in the US by Small Business Administration (SBA), indicated that 99.9% of businesses in the U.S operate with less than 500 employees, qualifying them as small businesses. Small businesses in the U.S. are quite influential in job creation nd innovation. Characteristics of small businesses Spirit of entrepreneurship- Optimism, motivation, enthusiasm and desire to succeed, characterize small businesses owners. Most are not scared about taking risks. This could be attributed to the amount of money invested as compared to large businesses. There are also favorable legislation in place which encourages the establishment of small businesses. Managerial skills- Leading, planning, organizing, controlling major business activities define management. Small business owners in most cases mostly possess only one of the managerial skills. Managerial skills are limited, especially in important areas of the business such as sales and marketing, finance, insurance, technical, and production. Funding- Small businesses suffer from limited funding, yet they need money for maximization of opportunities through financing growth. This could be attributed to lack of collateral, with securing an unsecured loan from banks being almost impossible. Benefits of small businesses to the economy Small businesses provide many job opportunities, especially due to the low skills required. In US, for instance, small businesses have employed more than half of employees in the private sector. They can be more productive relatively and can, therefore, compete with large firms in offering decent jobs. Small businesses have created more than 60% of jobs per year for the last one decade. This could be attributed to the ease of setting up a small business, with little capital needed, also cheap labor. 50% of non farm private Gross Domestic Product has been created by the small businesses. These businesses are also employers to more than 41% of high-tech workers like engineers and scientists. 45% of the total payroll of the US private sector is paid by small businesses. These businesses have their shortcomings too, the major one being lack of proper business plans. A business plan enables one to roll out the plan and strategize wisely before start a business. There are also numerous requirements from the government authorities before one set out for the business venture. The major hurdle, though, is financing the businesses. Most banks prefer to give loans to businesses that are already developed, because, as such, they have collateral. Small businesses do not have a property to give out to the banks as collateral. Conclusion Small businesses are vital to the economies of many countries, especially the developed ones. They provide employment and generate revenue contributing to the GDP. In US, for instance, small businesses generate more than half of non-farm, private gross domestic product. Buy custom Small Business essay

Important Facts on Argentinas History and Geography

Important Facts on Argentina's History and Geography Argentina officially called the Argentine Republic, is the largest Spanish-speaking nation in Latin America. It is located in southern South America to the east of Chile, to the west lie Uruguay, a small part of Brazil, southern Bolivia, and Paraguay. One of the main differences between Argentina and other South America countries is that it is mainly dominated by a large middle class thats heavily influenced by European culture. In fact, nearly 97 percent of Argentinas population is of European descent, with Spain and Italy being the most common countries of origin. Fast Facts About Argentina Argentina, which means the land of silver, has territorial rights to the eastern side of Tierra del Fuego and is home to Ushuaia, one of the worlds southernmost cities.Population: 45,095,386 (based on United Nations estimate, June 2019)Capital: Buenos AiresArea: 1,073,518 square miles (2,780,400 square kilometers)Bordering Countries: Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil, UruguayCoastline: 3,100 miles (4,989 kilometers)Highest Point: At 22,834 feet (6,960 meters), Aconcagua is the worlds highest mountain outside of the Himalayas.Lowest Point: Laguna del Carbon, minus 344 feet (minus 105 meters) History of Argentina Argentina saw the first Europeans arrive when Italian explorer and navigator Amerigo Vespucci reached its shores in 1502. Europeans did not establish a permanent settlement in Argentina until 1580 when Spain established a colony in what is present-day Buenos Aires. Throughout the rest of the 1500s, through the 1600s and 1700s, Spain continued to expand its territorial hold and established the Vice Royalty of Rio de la Plata in 1776. However, on July 9, 1816, after several conflicts, Buenos Aires General Josà © de San Martin (who is now Argentinas national hero) declared independence from Spain. Argentinas first constitution was drafted in 1853 and a national government was established in 1861. Following its independence, Argentina implemented new agricultural technologies, organizational strategies, and foreign investments to help grow its economy. From 1880 to 1930, it became one of the worlds 10 wealthiest nations. Despite its economic success, by the 1930s Argentina was undergoing a period of political instability. The constitutional government was overthrown in 1943. As Minister of Labor, Juan Domingo Perà ³n took over as the countrys political leader. In 1946, Perà ³n was elected as Argentinas president and established Partido Unico de la Revolucion. Peron was re-elected in 1952 but after government instability, he was exiled in 1955. Through the rest of the 1950s and into the 1960s, military and civilian political administrations worked to deal with economic instability, however, after years of uncertainty, unrest led to a reign of domestic terrorism that ran from the mid-1960s through the 1970s. On March 11, 1973, by means of a general election, Hector Campora became the countrys president. In July of that same year, however, Campora resigned and Perà ³n was re-elected President of Argentina. When Perà ³n died a year later, his wife, Eva Duarte de Perà ³n, was appointed the presidency for a short while but was ousted from office in March 1976. After her removal, Argentinas armed forces took control of the government, executing harsh punishments on those who were considered extremists in what was eventually known as El Proceso or the Dirty War. Military rule lasted in Argentina until December 10, 1983, at which time, another presidential election was held and Raul Alfonsin was elected president for a six-year term. During Alfonsins time in office, stability returned to Argentina for a short time, however, the country was still facing serious economic problems. After Alfonsin left office, the country reverted to instability, which lasted into the early 2000s. In 2003, Nestor Kirchner was elected president and after a rocky start, he was eventually able to restore Argentinas former political and economic strength. Government of Argentina Argentinas current government is a federal republic with two legislative bodies. Its executive branch has a chief of state and a head of state. From 2007 to 2011, Cristina Fernndez de Kirchner was the countrys first elected woman  to fill both of those roles. The legislative branch is bicameral with a Senate and a Chamber of Deputies, while the judicial branch is made up of a Supreme Court. Argentina is divided into 23 provinces and one autonomous city,  Buenos Aires. Economics, Industry and Land Use in Argentina Today, one of the most important sectors of Argentinas economy is its industry and approximately one-quarter of the countrys workers are employed in manufacturing. Argentinas major industries include chemical and petrochemical, food production, leather, and textiles. Energy production and mineral resources including lead, zinc, copper, tin, silver, and uranium are also important to the economy. Argentinas main agricultural products include wheat, fruit, tea, and livestock. Geography and Climate of Argentina Because of Argentinas long length, it is divided into four main regions: 1) the northern subtropical woodlands and swamps; 2) the heavily wooded slopes of the Andes Mountains in the west; 3) the far south, semiarid and cold Patagonian Plateau; and 4) the temperate region surrounding Buenos Aires. Thanks to its mild climate, fertile soils, and proximity to where Argentinas cattle industry began, the Buenos Aires the temperate region are the countrys most populated. In addition to these regions, Argentina has many large lakes in the Andes, along with the second largest river system in South America, the Paraguay-Parana-Uruguay, that drains from the northern Chaco region to the Rio de la Plata near Buenos Aires. Like its terrain, Argentinas climate varies, although most of the country is considered temperate with a small arid portion in the southeast. Argentinas southwestern portion is extremely cold and dry and is consequently considered a sub-Antarctic climate. References Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook- Argentina. April 21, 2010. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ar.html Infoplease.com. Argentina: History, Geography, Government, and Culture. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/country/argentina.html United States Department of State. Argentina. October 2009. Retrieved from: state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/26516.htm

Bipolar disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Bipolar disorder - Essay Example These episodes cause unusual and severe shifts in mood, energy, and behavior that interfere drastically with normal, healthy functioning. Bipolar disorder is often a chronic, recurring condition. Sometimes, the mood switches are vivid and rapid, but most often they are steady. When a person is in the depressed phase, the individual can experience any or all of the symptoms of a depressive disorder. When in the overexcited cycle, any or all of the symptoms listed under mania may be experienced. Mania affects a person’s thinking, judgment, and social behavior in ways that cause serious problems and discomfiture. Bipolar disorder is usually subdivided into bipolar I and bipolar II disorders (Mitchell et al. 207–210). The usual form of bipolar disorder is referred to as bipolar I. Bipolar II is a syndrome in which the affected person has repeated depressive episodes interrupted by what is called hypomania. These exhilarated states in bipolar II do not fully meet the criteria for the complete manic episodes that occur in bipolar I. There are various symptoms observed an affected manic person. It is not necessary that all the symptoms should appear in a person who is affected. Some people experience a few symptoms and some many symptoms. Following are some of the symptoms of manic or depressed individuals: Studies have shown that bipolar disorder is diagnosed in equal numbers of men and women. It is not known exactly why major depression seems to affect more women than men while mania affects both men and women equally. One of the obvious reasons may be that mania, with its very prominent symptoms it is much more easily recognized than depression. Depression may also go unrecognized in men especially under alcoholic conditions. Heredity: Individuals with relatives who have had bipolar disorder have a greater chance of developing it themselves. Immediate

Effect of Long-term Deposition of Phosphate and Nitrogen on Lab Report

Effect of Long-term Deposition of Phosphate and Nitrogen on Pphosphatase Activity in Moss - Lab Report Example These plants are very important in the ecosystem as they create a significant buffer system for other plants around them (Speck 1941). Plants from this family can also be a distinct indicator of the quality of the environment surrounding them, as most of them can be sensitive to the moisture present in the atmosphere (Small 1933). Mosses and liverworts contain several secondary metabolites being investigated for various agricultural, phytochemical, and pharmacological products. This experiment was aimed at comparing phosphatase enzyme rate in moss species Hypnumjutlandicum, having received prior treatment of nitrogen and phosphate. Two different hypotheses were tested on two different variables, the nitrogen, and the phosphate. The first hypothesis was that phosphate will increase the rate of the phosphatase activity and the second was that nitrogen would decrease the rate of the phosphatase activity. The test tubes containing different moss sample nutrient treatment were labeled to avoid contamination of the solutions. About 2 cm of each moss sample was placed in each of the labeled test tubes followed by 2.5 ml of deionized water and the contents of the test tubes mixed. A total of 2.5 ml of 10 mm nitrophenyl phosphate (NPP) was then added to the mixture and the stopwatch started to record time. The mixtures were left to stand for thirty minutes at room temperature to ensure that the enzyme substrate does not denature since enzymes have a working optimum temperature beyond which they denature. The test tubes were shaken at an interval of five minutes. A solution of 5 ml of 0.2M NaOH was placed in each of the six labeled test tubes. A pipette was used to draw 0.5 ml of the NPP/moss/ water assay solution into each of the test tubes containing 5 ml of NaOH the test tubes were then shaken for the mixture to combine. A shade of yellow was used as an indicator of a complete reaction.

Free trade is beneficial and should be promoted Essay

Free trade is beneficial and should be promoted - Essay Example Like in capitalistic national economies, rules and regulation restrict operations in international businesses and this forms the basis of defining different types of international trade environments. Free trade is one of the types and defines an international trade in which no regulations exists. Buying and selling of commodities are only subject to laws of demand and supply and not domestic laws or international barriers. This is contrary to the current international trade environment in which laws restrict trade and treaties exist to facilitate trade with specific partners. This paper argues that free trade is a better option for the contemporary global economy. Diversified views exist against free trade. One of such arguments is the risk of structural unemployment that a domestic economy may experience when it opens up its borders to free trade. According to the perspective, free trade may make some industries more competitive than others may and therefore shifts investments and d emand for labor to the more competitive industries and ventures. The consequence is dissertation of some industries that may render experts in those industries jobless. Finding jobs with redundant skills, especially at old age may be a challenge and a threat to people’s welfare and economic growth. It is also argued that free trade exposes an economy to trends in other economies and to global economic trends. Inflation in one country may induce inflation in another country because traded goods from the affected country transfers the inflation effect into the recipient economy. Similarly, recession in one economy may reduce its potentials to import commodities and reduce demand for another country’s export. Cases of perishable commodities would result into economic loss in the exporting countries. Opponents of free trade also claim that the international market favors some economies than others. Countries that are more efficient are able to trade at competitive advantag es and this hinders development of emerging economies that lack such advantages. This basis limits benefits of free trade to developed countries that continues to expand their economies while economies of developing countries stagnate. Regulations are also necessary for environmental conservation and free trade is a threat to this because it eliminates or weakens environmental laws. Organizations that produce commodities in less regulated environments also have advantage over those that operate in strictly regulated environments and this may facilitate the urge to eliminate all environmental regulations. Doing so, based on the opponents’ perspectives, is a key to global environmental concerns such as the contemporary global warming. There are also circumstances in which natural justice requires regulations. Examples are in cases of economic downturns such as the recent global recession that called for regulations to prevent unemployment rates (Edge 1). Moral and rational anal ysis of the opposing arguments identifies weaknesses in their validity. Threats of structural unemployment are for example not real, because people can operate in different industries and organizations’ compositions identify diversity. Transition that focuses interest from one industry to another will therefore only shift employment in that direction. Limiting free trade in order to protect domestic industries and domestic economies is also not rational because such industries failed to thrive in previous restricted market environment and all economies suffered from previous recessions under regulated trade. A moral perspective, rather that rule based approach can also help in resolving issues such as environmental protection and protection of employments during economic crisis (Edge 1). A review of arguments for free

Activation Cracks And Workarounds Windows Vista Computer Science Essay

Activation Cracks And Workarounds Windows Vista Computer Science Essay Windows Vista enthusiasts and lovers already can download final RTM version gold release of Windows Vista from the Internet, way before the scheduled and target release date of Windows Vista to retail customer on early 2007. However, unless you have a hand on corporate volume license key (VLK), as Windows Vista is not yet officially goes on sale, so you wont possible to purchase a license to get hold on a legal and genuine product key to activate and Windows Vista product activation (WPA) process to validate that the copy of Vista is genuine. In this situation, so in the situation that youre having problem to successfully complete Windows Vista activation, or wish to bypass and skip the activation process, you can install Windows Vista in trial demo mode and extend the grace period for activation for longer usage when the activation expiry date closing by. If you want to get rid of evaluation copy watermark message, visit here. Else, users need to use some tricks and hacks to activate Windows Vista (or make Windows Vista to believe itself has been activated). Try the following cracks and hacks to properly install Windows Vista without activation or to crack Vista activation so that WPA can be bypassed, skipped or avoided. (both not tested, but should works) Disconnect from Internet. Restart the computer. Set the computer date to 26 December 2006. Exit and save the BIOS settings. Install Disable automatically synchronize computer time with Internet time Restart the computer. E Set back the time to current date and time in BIOS. Save and exit the BIOS configuration menu. Connect to the Internet. Boot up to Windows Vista. With the time changing trick, Windows Vista will stop countdown to the activation grace period timeout date. (no longer works, or only worked on RC build) There is similar method but use year 2099 which made famous by pirated Vista DVD. Another crack or hack to activate Windows Vista is by replacing 2 files in Windows Vista Final RTM version with the same files from Windows Vista RC2 (only from build 5840, similar files from build 5744 or earlier wont work), and then use Windows Vista product key or registration key released and distributed via CPP (Customer Preview Program) intended for Windows Vista betas and release candidate to activate Windows Vista RTM Build 6000. (its actually the same technique or method that used to install and activate pre-RTM Windows Vista such as build 5840). Install Windows Vista Final by using default product key (no product key entered). Download the crack Windows.Vista.FINAL.Crack.raVen.rar or Windows.Vista.RTM.Activation.Crack-iND.rar or Microsoft.Windows.Vista.RTM.PROPER.Activation.Crack-ReeBSaW or Windows.Vista.RTM.dEnoura.Crack.rar (all contains but packed by different crackers), and extract the compressed file. Navigate to WindowsSystem32Licensingpkeyconfig folder. Locate and right-click on pkeyconfig.xrm-ms file. Click on Properties, then open Security > Advanced > Owner > Edit, and click on Administrators. Click OK and close the Properties window. Right click again on pkeyconfig.xrm-ms file, and select Properties to open Properties window. Open Security > Advanced > Edit, then select Administrators and click Edit. Click on Full Control, then click OK and close the file Properties. Restart the computer and boot up in the Safe Mode. Replace and overwrite pkeyconfig.xrm-ms using the same file extracted from the downloaded package. Go to Start -> Run (or press Windows + R keys) to start Run box. Type in services.msc to launch Services (can also be launched from Control Panel). Find and locate the Software Licensing service. If its running, press on Stop button to stop the service. Navigate and browse to WindowsServiceProfilesNetworkServiceAppData RoamingMicrosoftSoftwareLicensing folder. Overwrite and replace the tokens.dat with the same file from the extracted package. You may need to take ownership and full control of the file by following step 5 9. Reboot and restart the computer, and bootup in normal mode. Go to Start > Help Support, and search for Activate by using search menu, then click on the third topic Activate Windows on this Computer to start Windows Activation. Alternatively go to Start and type in slui.exe into the Search Bar and press Enter to go to Windows Activation window. Input any Windows Vista product key or registration key or CD key from RC1 or RC2 or Beta 1 or Beta 2 or any other released by Microsoft and leaked to Internet to activate the Windows Vista. If you dont have any product key, sign up and register for Windows Vista Customer Preview Program (CPP) to receive a valid and legal product key. Or download the Windows.Vista.RTM.Activation.Crack-iND.rar which contains a RC product key in the archive. Run the genuine and activated Vista. There are also some hackers who combined the above 2 methods to stop the Windows Vista Product Activation countdown timer and then to activate Windows Vista by using cracked license files for RC1 and RC2. Restart the PC and boot into BIOS. Set the date to year 2099. Create and format the partition or hard disk that will be used to fresh install new Windows Vista. Next, install VISTA, do not enter any serial number so that user has 30-day window period for activation as trial demo that valid till 2099 instead of only working for 3 days due to illegal, ban, pirated, expired or not working and not genuine license key. After install, follow the Vista WPA crack procedures as immediate above method to activate the Windows Vista so that its as if genuine and legal. If you dont have Internet connection, you can activate Windows Vista by phone. There is now also a Windows Vista Activators AIO which packs most of the cracks (all of them using the same workaround actually) and product serial key into one single download package. Inside, there is Windows Vista Activator.exe which automatically apply the patch without the need for manual replacing process to crack and activate Vista. Enjoy Windows Vista before Microsoft closes this pirate loophole via Windows/Microsoft Updates or Windows Genuine Advantage (WGA) validation test, or the product key from RC or beta expired. Update: The final truth has came, in the form of KB929391 Windows Vista Validation Tool update. Find ways to crack KB929391. There is permanent method to crack Vista activation. Disclaimer: This article is for informational purpose only.

A Revolution of Values: The Promise of Multicultural Essay -- Rhetoric

A Revolution of Values: The Promise of Multicultural Change Bell Hooks was born in Hopkinsville, Kentucky in 1952. She was born into the era of segregation and was in high school during the start of civil rights movements. Since Hook’s was a young African American that attended one of the first integrated high schools, she experienced racism and segregation first hand. Her writing explains how it was to live during these times and also exhibits how her experiences effected her emotionally. Hook’s essay successfully achieves her purpose because of the credibility instilled by the historical context of her writing and expert opinions and her appeals to pathos through the use of personal experience. In Hook’s writing she had one specific purpose. She wanted to help people understand the depth and complexities of racial injustice. She is also informing the reader that racism is something that not many people think too much about. She is stating that we tend to overlook most of our past and present issues of racism and segregation because we have been raised in a world that is not an issue worth worrying about. She writes how hard it is to be a nation that has no multicultural injustices, and that her dream is to one day live a life where everyone can practice freedom. Hooks’ writing gains credibility from her use of historical context and expert opinions. One of the biggest factors is that she was from the south where white people thought of blacks as Bohemians that had radical ideas of becoming a nation of multicultural equality. The examples of these thoughts is valid because she was a young black girl at the time and witnessed it first hand. In the 1950’s through early 1960’s segregation was at its peak measure so... ...ndship. As you can see Bell Hooks’ purpose is successfully supported by credibility justified through the historical context of her writing and expert opinions, and her appeals to pathos through personal experience. Her purpose helps you see behind the lines and understand the complexities of racism. Knowing the historical context of her writing establishes her credibility and helps you understand the author’s situation. Last, her appeal to pathos is aided by personal experiences in which she wrote, helping give more meaning and support to her writing because it makes it easier to understand the point that she is trying to get across. So the next time that you are encountered with racism or see it, maybe you will think of Bell Hooks and help make this country a great place to live with freedom and the right of every individual to be equal.

Our Dreams

Each of us has many dreams and in fact they are a sign that we are alive, we exist and we are going forward despite the situation we live in. My dreams, like every young person, are countless. When we had midterm break my boyfriend fulfilled this long dream as a gift for Valentine's Day. We visited Venice and Bergamo. Our` hearts and souls are still there with the beauty that surrounds us. There everything is like in the movies I've seen with the difference that when you get up, you look around and realize you're part of the Italian breeze, your heart starts to beats as it wants to jump in order to enjoy beauty and intoxication with you. I'm still really excited even when I remember my experience. I can tell each destination separately for days. The one I chose to tell you is our last destination – Venice. The magic that conceals this magical place causes every visitor to yearn to return again and again there. The small, narrow streets have preserved the charm of the past times, bringing warmth, love and romance to tourists. I remember when we arrived at the boat at dusk. We went right in San Marco Square. The majesty of the basilica, pigeons and music of the symphony orchestras of every restaurant made everything in us dancing. We continued our tour around the island with a visit to all the sights, and for me The most beautiful place was the Bridge of Sighs. There I received my first Italian rose, which I keep to this day. The view provokes us a warm sigh and a desire to stop the time and to stay there forever. In the evening we were in a small restaurant at the Grande Canale, drinking red wine and enjoying the sunset. Love, Italy and Venice really go hand in hand. This country makes an unforgettable gift to every visitor by donating memories of eternal beauty, intoxication, romance and love. Once you have visited Italy, there is a warmth in your heart that keeps trembling and leaves the feeling that you have forgotten something and you have to go back and look for it.

What makes a building green

This paper explores what makes building material green. Green building materials are materials that have less impact on the environment, human health, economy and productivity as well. Since buildings have significant impacts of the environment, design professional have resolved to the use of green materials in building process so as to eliminate waste and to conserve the environment. Construction of buildings consumes a lot of energy use and also emits a lot of carbon dioxide in the environment. Construction also consumes a lot of raw material each year. Buildings made from green material are healthier, energy efficient than other buildings and more durable. This paper will concisely articulate what sustainability and green building products are. This paper will also determine and explore if a product is green. Lastly, this paper will evaluate the relative greenness of different products. Table of contents Introduction 4 What is Sustainability? 5 Exploration 7 Green Building Products 7 How to determine a green product 10 Implementation 12 Conclusion 21 Works Cited 22 What makes a building material Green? Introduction Construction of buildings has intense environmental, health, economic and productivity impacts. 20% of global energy use is from buildings. Buildings also emit 20% of carbon dioxide to the environment. For these reasons, many builders have resolved in the use of green building since it has financial, health and environmental benefits. Many countries that practise sustainability have also supported the green building movement. Statistics in the U. S. show that green building construction will rise from 2% in 2005 to 10% of the constructed buildings by the year 2010 and therefore the country will have save about $30. billion. The green building initiatives in the U. S. has established more that 80 green building programs both regionally and locally. The local governments are also involved in the promotion of the green building by creating innovating ways of supporting the programs (NACo Green Government Initiative 1). In Europe and North America, many architects are involved in designi ng sustainable designs also known as the green building designs. This is due to their clients’ demands and their recognition in protecting the environment. Globally, there is a lot of support form the people in establishing environmental friendly buildings (Pearce 129). There is need of financing low energy buildings so as to enhance performance. Governments should initiate more programs that enhance building of green buildings. This process will therefore eliminate the environmental hazards and increase global health standards while reducing costs (Baden et al. 8-1). The green building has made tremendous benefits globally. The initiative has help in the conservation of the environment, health and financial issues (NACo Green Government Initiative 1). What is Sustainability? Sustainability is being responsible to the world especially environment and in energy saving. Sustainability is a social program that helps in energy saving and other global protection of the environment. It deals with issues on the environment, economy and society (Langdon 6). In order for the building process to be sustainable, there is need of taking care of the environment, health issues and the finances of the society. Sustainability has led to the establishment of green buildings since it helps in the protecting the air we breath (Wiaderski 2). Green buildings prevent the particles such as Volatile Organic Compounds off-gassings, carcinogenic among other airborne particles from filling people’s lungs. Green building eliminates the use of paints and adhesives that emits these volatile organic compounds. The process of using green materials such as the Dryvit coatings and adhesives, which are water based helps in the elimination of the harmful chemicals in the environment (Wiaderski 3). Many hospitals and schools are being sustainable by using green materials in the constructions process. This has therefore helped in ensuring that people live in environments that are safe and healthy. For sustainability to be ensured, designers are now using green materials that are environmental friendly (Wiaderski 3). To ensure that there is sustainability, there are many building standards that have been introduced. For example the National-recognized green building rating standards have been established for the builders and designers to ensure that they are making buildings that are protect the environment and the health standards of the people (NACo Green Government Initiative 3). In sustainability, builders try to eliminate the use of fibreglass insulation and other such products in order to protect the human health standards. This is the reason why builders use the Dryvit system in insulation since it helps in the improvement of the quality of the air in building (Wiaderski 4). To ensure sustainability in green building construction and design, the major factors to consider are efficiency in energy and other resources. This is done by ensuring that the designed buildings should of low energy consumption. This is practical by the use of the Dryvit systems which adds a constant insulation layer on the exterior walls of a building. The Dryvit system also minimizes the thermal breaks of the building. This process of insulation of the exterior wall helps in energy conservation and it also improves the indoor air quality of a building. Insulation also helps in resisting bad weather conditions. Insulation of the exterior walls is also advantageous to the northern climates since it increase the temperature of the wall cavity which therefore helps in the minimization of the condensation process inside the cavity of the walls. This process is also advantageous to the southern climate since it helps in reducing the air infiltration therefore protecting the wall cavity by minimising the entry of the heavily saturated moist air. This helps in the reducing mold growth and condensation on the wall cavity (Wiaderski 4). A study conducted by Oak Ridge National Laboratories on the building material concludes that the Dryvit wall system is a building system that conserves energy of the wall system and therefore it was suggested that the system should be used in the commercial construction of the U. S. buildings (Kosny et al. Whole Wall Rating / Label for Dryvit Wall System Steady State Thermal Analysis). For sustainability, designers need to use products that protect the economy of the people and the country. Green products are durable and they also don’t need be maintained and repaired constantly. One practical example is the use of the Dryvit systems which is adaptable. This systems’ repair and main tenance process does not need to be harshly removed nor does not require demolition (Wiaderski 5). The base coat of the green products has a reinforced mesh that is embedded on them to ensure durability and resistance for more than 30 years. Since the green products are durable and resistant, they have been found to be cost effective. For example the Dryvit systems have been found to be cost effective due to its durability and other advantageous aspects (Egan et al. Projected Life Cycle Cost of Exterior Insulation Finish Systems). There are green building practices that help in the sustainability. This includes the use of the indoor air quality. In this practice, the designers and the builders ensure that they make buildings that have quality indoor air systems. This practice involves concepts such as relationships of the ventilations and the indoor air. Other concepts include the use of the simple dose in building process and source identification. Other concepts include strategies and options of source control and design and operations of ventilation systems. There are other concepts such as the selection and specification of material and procedure of construction. Lastly, other concepts for best practices in the construction process include the maintenance, operation and renovations (Levin Best Sustainable Indoor Air Quality Practices in Commercial Buildings). Exploration Green Building Products Green building products are materials that have less or none impacts of the environment. These materials are not hazardous materials and they allow for the eradication of the other hazardous building products. There are many classifications of green products. In the classification of the green building products, the building products are evaluates using their negative and positive impacts and thereafter, the products with most positives are classified as a green product (Wilson Building Materials). There are products that fall into multiple classifications and others that fall into one classification. The classifications of the green products include durability, zero-gassing, toxicity, longevity and resource efficiency. Other classifications include environmental impacts and energy efficiency. Green products are building products with various environmental and cost benefits. Green products have long-term performance benefits (Wiaderski 2). Green products are combined with the building designs to help in the reduction of the negative environmental effects. Deign and building professions the use the green designs ensure that they give vigilant attention to the aspects that oversee the projects’ designs. Buildings made from green products are airtight and therefore keeps the buildings from interior and exterior contaminations. Constructions that use green materials ensure that there is a healthy environment to the people in the society (Wiaderski 2). The green products are classified in the category of energy rating, life cycle costs and health conditions (Wiaderski 4). The common features of the green buildings include the energy conservation in which include factors such insulation, mechanical equipment and efficient lights as well. The other feature include the utilization of solar energy in which factors such as space heating, cooling and water heating are considered. There is also the water conservation feature which ensures that there are fixtures of low consumption. Other features of the green products include the recycled material incorporation and materials with low emissions improved indoor air quality ventilation (Levin Best Sustainable Indoor Air Quality Practices in Commercial Buildings). The other features of the green products include the development sites that less destructive to the environments which include processes such as run-off control, water courses and other natural habitats preservations. The other feature is the treatment of the on-site waste water. There are also features such the use of refrigeration and fire systems that have compounds that reduce or eliminate ozone-depletion. The other feature include the use of life cycled materials and assessment of the building projects’ environmental impacts. The last feature of the green products is the use of recycled products (Levin Best Sustainable Indoor Air Quality Practices in Commercial Buildings). Green building materials are sustainable to the environment since they help in the improvement of the health standards of the people. These are recycled materials that are highly durable. These products are categorised in criteria such as the resource efficient products which include products such salvage products, post-consumer and pre-consumer products. This category also includes products such as waste agricultural materials. The green products also include product that are non toxic which include products such as the natural processed and non ozone-depletion products. This category also includes non hazardous products and other environmental protection products. The other category of the green products includes the energy and the water efficiency products which include products such heat reducing building components and energy conserving equipments. Other products include the energy renewable equipment and water conserving equipments (Port 3). The last category of the green products includes the safe and healthy built environment products. These products include the non-pollutant products and products that reduce the contamination spread. Other products that are in this category include the indoor pollutants removers’ products and products that are used in warning about health hazards. Other products include that are light improvers and help in the control of noise. Lastly, this category includes products that help in community well-being’s enhancement (Port 3). Homes that are made from green products are durable, healthier and more efficient that other home. Components of a green home include selection of strategic sites to reduce environmental impacts. The other component is designs that help in conserving water and energy and waste. The other components include designs that minimize usage of materials and therefore reduce the needs to maintain the homes. Homes made from the green materials possess components that are recycled and are therefore efficient to the energy conservation. These components also use sources that are renewable (NACo Green Government Initiative 1). Green products have been used by the USA’s Green Building Resource Centre. These products help in the conserving the energy, water and natural resources. The products also help in the protection of the indoor environment of the buildings (Levin 465-482). How to determine a green product Green products are determined by how they meet the requirements of the performance. These requirements include the factors such as being sufficient and durable. The other requirements of the performance include the strength predictability and stability. Other requirements are such as moisture, decay and bio-contamination resistance and have less cost compared to other products. The other requirement includes factors of being non-toxic and non-hazardous to the people around. Lastly, these products are able to be efficiently and effectively installed (Pearce 3). The other way to determine whether a product is green is by ensuring that the product is not negatively an impact to the ecosystems. In this way, one should ensure that the product is harvested sustainably and is also non-accumulative and non-toxic to the environment. Another way of determining the product id this category is by ensuring that the product is recyclable and is cost effective since it does not have to be repair and maintained. Products in this criterion also produce waste that can be reused and recovered (Pearce 4). Another way to determine the green products is by ensuring that the products are able to be renewed. In this criterion, the products are checked is they are renewable and if they can be harvested sustainably. The other things to consider are whether the products are materials that are closed loop. This means that the products should be checked whether they are reused or recycled. Other things to consider in this criterion are things such as whether the product is adaptable or reusable and also whether they are non-renewable. Lastly, the products are checked whether they use unsustainable material (Pearce 5). The other factors that determine whether a product is green include factors such as green products saves energy. In this factor the products are determined whether they help in the reduction of the heating and cooling loads. Other factors are whether the products use reduces energy levels. Lastly, the green products are products that can produce energy. Products can be determined as green products when they protect the natural resources. In this factor, the products are checked whether they have recycled content and whether they are made from agricultural waste. Products that use less material and are made from materials that are swiftly renewable also fall in this category. The products in this category are those that are made from managed forest and are also products that are salvaged (OFGEM A review of the Energy Efficiency Commitment 2002-2005). The other factor that can make a product green is when they can conserve water. The products include those that can conserve and consume less water. The other way to determine whether the products are green is by checking whether the products have contributed in the safety and healthiness of the indoor environment. In this way the products are determined whether that have effects on the indoors. Such products should not release and pollutants in the buildings. Products in this category do not remove pollutants in the indoor environment (Mendell 227-236). Lastly, products can be determined to be green when they reduce the impacts of buildings on the community. These products are those that moderate the storm water effects and also help in the provision of access to transportation modes that are alternatives to other transportation modes. These are also products that treat without the use of the chemicals and also do not components that deplete the ozone (Levin 173-175). Practical examples of the buildings and projects which are among the 10 winners of â€Å"What makes it green 2008 winners† that have been used in the illustration of the green products include the Bertschi School in Seattle WA which was helped the people in the area to minimize the usage of transportation. The other example is the Centre of Urban Waters project in the Tacoma that is used in storm water runoff reduction. The other illustration is of the Corvallis CoHousing project in the Corvallis which has ensure that the there is minimization of the use of the resources through sharing. There is also the illustration of Kitsap Sustainable Energy and Economic Development that encourages clean energy development (Dispenza Green Building Elements: What makes it Green? 2008 Winners). Implementation The greenness of products can be evaluated from different perspectives for example according to their durability, stability, strength and speed. The greenness of products can be judged from the way a product or a material reduces its demand for landfills especially the cement company Ceratech in the U. S which makes use of recycled fly ash to manufacture Redimax cement. Ceratech, Inc a technology company for materials focuses in the enlargement and the commercialization of inventive green cement sustainable knowledge (Stone 1). The Romans used the volcanic ash (Pozzolan) which they mixed together with lime in order to manufacture the cement for constructing Coliseums, Pantheon and Pont du Gard Aqueduct in Southern France which are strong to date. Pozzolans include fly ash, timber ash, slag and residue from publicly consequential garbage which are blazed at elevated temperatures. The Ceratech Company uses fly ash in producing Redimax which is their cement for all household productions though it manufactures its cement locally by using Class N volcanic ash pozzolans to produce their cement. Fly residue, is a diaphanously alienated coal incineration derivative which is collected by electrostatic precipitators from the chimney gases. A rough calculation of 60% which equals to 42 M tons of fly ash is land filled in the U. S. per annum (Fanney et al Second International Green Building Conference and Exposition). There is a reduction in carbon footprint of concrete due to the replacement of Portland cement with fly ash since the production of a single ton of Portland cement gives production to roughly one ton of carbon dioxide. Ceratech technology of revolutionary cement is a footstep of change to the industry of construction by providing the cement which is environmental friendly and is engineered for its potency, momentum, permanence and its long-standing toughness. Fly ash which is a post industrial fritter away stream is utilised by Ceratech, in order to produce structural cement of high presentation worldwide encompassing of more than 90%materials from cast-off waste (Stone 3). The recycling process preserves the virgin material hence eliminating the mining of raw materials which are needed to produce Portland cement. It also reduces the emissions of carbon dioxide by making the replacement of Portla1nd cement to every ton of Portla1nd cement produced. World wide, Portland cement gives a contribution of 6% to 8% of all the gases of Carbon dioxide released per year (Consoli et al Guideline for Life-Cycle Assessment: A `Code of Practice' Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry). There is also the reduction of the energy consumed since the Ceratech Company is produced by the use of an amalgamation process of low energy powder against the calcining process of high temperatures. The Ceratech Company has done a careful manufacturing of their cement for the applications where strength, durability and strength are the preferred distinctiveness of a substance. There is competence of energy since their Pozzolanic cement requires 99% less energy to produce a corresponding amount of cement from Portland (CERATECH Green Sustainable Structural Building Material Technology: Driving Change through Innovative Thinking). The logistics behind the Redimax cement is that, it is shipped, handled, stored and batched like the Portland cement and it can either be transported by rail, truck or barge. Since the dangerous constituent of sustainable1 construction is durability, there is a designed subject to allow Ceratech maximizing the performance characteristics in order to come up with the constructing concrete which will last for long. The deterioration resistant of Redimax, low permeability does helps in resisting the establishment of the corrosive cell within the ma1trix of the concrete and in so doing there is eradication of characteristic costs which associate with the traditional corrosion performances of protection, coatings and sacrificial fundamentals. Hence there is extended cycle of the life of a construction. The strengths of green material can also result from its comprehensive strength since the cement concrete acquires rapid characteristic of hardening so that it gives an easy generation of more than five hours comprehensive strengths of 2,000 psi without any negative impact working time (CERATECH Green Sustainable Structural Building Material Technology: Driving Change through Innovative Thinking). The Sulfate Resistance of the cement evaluates the greenness of the product by examining its uniform density and extreme fine pore structure which increases its resistance to the penetration by water or substance. There is evaluation of greenness of products in terms of Improved Flexural Strengths whereby when they are associated with Redimax there is a typical of 15% to 18% compressive strengths of correspondence. There is an allowance of reduced loading stress from the cement in order to substrate for slab on grade work more effectively than the Portland cement concrete. The enhancement of flexural capabilities does provide for potential incorporation to longer spans fore important applications which are structural (CERATECH Green Sustainable Structural Building Material Technology: Driving Change through Innovative Thinking). The greenness of a product can be evaluated in terms of the expenses for instance the Ceratech construction expenses were reduced together with its direct and indirect value of the building project which leads o the enhancement of the breadth of a company’ s exclusive cement distinctiveness. The construction costs include reduced labour costs which are as a result of the compression of the project schedule. The compression also diminished costs, for charter items such as shoring organization, formwork and special apparatus. There is also the reduction of eliminate issues which are in association with the rejected concrete due to the discharge requirement of water within a period of 90 minutes. The construction cost reduction leads to the reduced prices in material costs by as much as 30% (CERATECH Green Sustainable Structural Building Material Technology: Driving Change through Innovative Thinking). There is also operating costs which lead to the decrease of heating and cooling costs due to decrease on the whole thermal mass of the building. There is also outstanding confrontation to damage from the liquefying congeal, scaling and chemical assaults and the extension of the suitability for local, situation and centralized taxes by means of GREEN inducement curriculum. There is also maximized reduction on saleable space expenses for example the reduced size structural mechanism by means of greater square recording. The evaluation of the greenness of a product can be gauged in terms of the innova1tion, aesthetics and environmental leadership. Innova1tion can be observed from the superior mechanical properties in order to give allowance to the increase in the usable space by decreasing the column footprints, breadth of the slab, the height of the ceiling and the increased free distance lengths. There is also the increase of 30% in the increase fire charges. The other evaluation of greenness in innovation on innovation is the creation of blast dead set against structures, the rapid build dry piled block structures utilizing the innovatory and also the design storm resistant colossal stonework structures (CERATECH Green Sustainable Structural Building Material Technology: Driving Change through Innovative Thinking). There is also the environmental leadership which entails the requirement of the technology of the product company as either stonework block concrete. This will do away with a single ton of carbon dioxide gas for every 3 yards of concrete. The efficiency, strength and safety of a product can brought out thr3ough greenness by the example of the technology of Ceratech cement technology which exceeds ASTM-C-1600 in all the groupings of testing. Whereby increase in the power gives allowance for greater suppleness of design, efficiency and the general presentation of building. The greenness of the product can also be observed from the efficiency of the design for instance in the Ceratech Company whereby the ultra high strength hollow core floor board consent to greater free duration extensions. There is reduction of overall weight of building whereby columns which cross sections can be reduced by a nearly percentage of 40%. There is also reduction of rebar requirements. The strength of the product can bring out its greenness like in the case of Ceratech who have compressive strengths to 10,000 psi using standard mix designs with high early strengths to 2,000npsi in 6hours (CERATECH Green Sustainable Structural Building Material Technology: Driving Change through Innovative Thinking). The use of green building construction, is of great benefit to the consumers since it is efficient in energy, water and materials, it minimizes waste and pollution and creates a better indoor environment. Designing of buildings is aimed at humanizing interior excellence of the surrounding which can bring into being benefits for workplaces and the productivity of the workers as well as the landlords. A proficient green structure can be strong enticement when giving promotion to the charter of residential or marketable space. According to environmental protection agencies, deprived interior air quality is an environmental threat to a nation. Whereas sick building syndrome causes fatigue and illness which is brought about by poor designed ventilations and the presence of biological contaminations for instance molds, bacteria and pollens. The indoor air pollutants can be as a result of smoking of tobacco, building resources, products for beautifying, practices for clearing out, pest management, supplying, dust together with other activities such as cleaning and heating up (Stone 4). Due to poor green construction, there is a possibility of occupants complaining of several indications such headache, irritations in the eyes, nose and exasperation of the throats, dry coughs, itchy skin, wooziness and vomiting, difficulty in concentrating, exhaustion and sensitivity to scents. Relieve from the suffering, comes about after leaving the building. T he Sick Building Syndrome reduces the efficiency of the workers which may lead to increased non-attendance. Green construction indemnifies appropriate exposure to air, condensed particulate substance and substitutes to pollution of chemical as long as preservation and modifying activities work in performance with the intention of the established green materials and systems when the construction took place (Stone 4). The elements of design of a construction play an important role in eradicating interior contaminants. Therefore, there is an importance of integrating permanent entryway features for example grills or grates which will be used to capture dirt and particulate substance at all entryways with heavy traffic. The buildings should also include controls of tenants for airflow, temperature and lightning. The possible options have to include task lighting, operable windows and under-floor heating, aeration (ventilation) and air habituation (HVAC) arrangements with personal diffusers. There should be a possibility of the proposal of the building maximizing the quantity of proscribed daylight that can reach interior regions which are occupied. The prohibited day lighting involves reflective exteriors and disseminating elements which enable sunshine diffusion while taking control of frown. Additionally, light sensors should be installed to supplement the total amount of sunshine to supply desirable lighting levels for the necessary errands (Lippiatt 37-45). The relative greenness of a product can be evaluated from scrutinizing the construction resources, supplying, and other products such as air fresheners, clearing products and pesticides which in the end result can discharge contaminants more or less incessantly. Therefore, there is a proposal of Formaldehyde-free materials for floor covering, furniture, fortifications and upper limits, lagging and finishes, sub-flooring and en suite breakfronts. Preferably all the bonding agents and paints should not have any fillings of Volatile Organic Content (VOC) but instead ordinary and water-based coverings should be used. Low and no-discharge grounds and flooring finishes, natural coverings of the floor are of greatly preferred to conventional carpeting (Stone 5). An observation from United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) the financial benefits of residential green building, there is a production of $200-$400 in annual savings in energy from the houses which are built to Energy Star. This are all on heating, cooling and water heater related costs. The durability of the green home construction interprets to additional savings on the preservations over the existence of a home (Internal Revenue Service Treasury and IRS Provide Guidance on Energy Credit to Home Builders). There is an important role which is played by the counties in educating the residents and builders of homes, about saving energy and obtainable refunds, recognitions and other funding support for green structure and projects for home development (Weitz et al. 5810-5849). The counties can give an action of Clearinghouse of information for builders and confidential citizens who have an interest of capitalizing on the benefits of investments of their green building schemes. The incentives of finance in order to build green, come in different forms including credits from taxes, for individual taxpayers, accelerating process of giving permission for homebuilders and rebates from both power and water companies for doing the setting up of resource competent attributes in a residence (Roodman et al A Building Revolution: How Ecology and Health Concerns are Transforming Construction). The available incentives and rebate programs available to landlords and homebuilders include the Federal Energy Policy Act Tax Incentives whereby this act of Federal Energy Policy Act 2005, presents the inducements of tax for both acquiring and installing competent energy productions in building. This proceed comprises of credits to builders and customers for green structure schemes, enhancements of energy economy home and solar energy organizations (Internal Revenue Service Treasury and IRS Provide Guidance on Energy Credit to Home Builders). On the national Ratings Certifications and Standards, the recognized national ratings, standards systems and certifications of green building can be exceptional gear for regions for employment when coming up with own residential curriculums for green building. There can be customization of national programs in accordance to the differences of the region while giving provision of approval framework on which counties can come up with their own advancement of green building. Therefore there is a widespread network which has provided allowance to the national programs to bring together case studies and al1 the best information practices from all through the U. S (EIA Analysis of 10% renewable Portfolio Standard). There are a number of green building ratings, certifications and standard programs which are countrywide well known and may be given a priority to come up with programs of green building. They include, LEED for homes which is a USGBC with a mission of advancing the revolution of the market of the environment which is constructs, increases and supervises the LEED for the rating systems of homes which were put into action in 2005 and gave provision to a tool for certifying homes that are given a design in order to be energy, water and efficient of resources and built with the health of future occupants being considered. There is also the Centre for Communities by Design whereby the American Institute of Architects (AIA) Centre for Communities by Design does provide support to the societies on sustainable planning through its curriculum of Sustainable Design Assistance Team. SDAT’s undertaking is to provide methodological support in order to hold up communities come up with the vision and the construction for a sustainable future (EIA Analysis of 10% renewable Portfolio Standard). Conclusion The discussion in the paper was based on the green building products and their sustainability of Construction. It seems that, in many cases, the best alternative of a design for interior surrounding quality gives a determination on the excellence of the general atmosphere. Therefore the elimination of air contamination in the indoor will be determined by the durability of the building material which will hence need lower quantities and less toxic chemicals for the maintenance and renovation (Levin Best Sustainable Indoor Air Quality Practices in Commercial Buildings). The paper focused on the implementation and exploration of the green products for construction. There is also the evaluation of the greenness of construction materials which can be evaluated in different ways including valuing the durability, stability, strength and speed of the materials (Levin Building Design and Material Selection). The greenness of products is judged from the way a product or a material reduces its demand for landfills especially the cement company Ceratech in the U. S which makes use of recycled fly ash to manufacture Redimax cement. There are also energy policy acts which are featured on the paper which focus on means of saving the energy (EIA Analysis of 10% renewable Portfolio Standard).