Effect of Long-term Deposition of Phosphate and Nitrogen on Lab Report

Effect of Long-term Deposition of Phosphate and Nitrogen on Pphosphatase Activity in Moss - Lab Report Example These plants are very important in the ecosystem as they create a significant buffer system for other plants around them (Speck 1941). Plants from this family can also be a distinct indicator of the quality of the environment surrounding them, as most of them can be sensitive to the moisture present in the atmosphere (Small 1933). Mosses and liverworts contain several secondary metabolites being investigated for various agricultural, phytochemical, and pharmacological products. This experiment was aimed at comparing phosphatase enzyme rate in moss species Hypnumjutlandicum, having received prior treatment of nitrogen and phosphate. Two different hypotheses were tested on two different variables, the nitrogen, and the phosphate. The first hypothesis was that phosphate will increase the rate of the phosphatase activity and the second was that nitrogen would decrease the rate of the phosphatase activity. The test tubes containing different moss sample nutrient treatment were labeled to avoid contamination of the solutions. About 2 cm of each moss sample was placed in each of the labeled test tubes followed by 2.5 ml of deionized water and the contents of the test tubes mixed. A total of 2.5 ml of 10 mm nitrophenyl phosphate (NPP) was then added to the mixture and the stopwatch started to record time. The mixtures were left to stand for thirty minutes at room temperature to ensure that the enzyme substrate does not denature since enzymes have a working optimum temperature beyond which they denature. The test tubes were shaken at an interval of five minutes. A solution of 5 ml of 0.2M NaOH was placed in each of the six labeled test tubes. A pipette was used to draw 0.5 ml of the NPP/moss/ water assay solution into each of the test tubes containing 5 ml of NaOH the test tubes were then shaken for the mixture to combine. A shade of yellow was used as an indicator of a complete reaction.

Free trade is beneficial and should be promoted Essay

Free trade is beneficial and should be promoted - Essay Example Like in capitalistic national economies, rules and regulation restrict operations in international businesses and this forms the basis of defining different types of international trade environments. Free trade is one of the types and defines an international trade in which no regulations exists. Buying and selling of commodities are only subject to laws of demand and supply and not domestic laws or international barriers. This is contrary to the current international trade environment in which laws restrict trade and treaties exist to facilitate trade with specific partners. This paper argues that free trade is a better option for the contemporary global economy. Diversified views exist against free trade. One of such arguments is the risk of structural unemployment that a domestic economy may experience when it opens up its borders to free trade. According to the perspective, free trade may make some industries more competitive than others may and therefore shifts investments and d emand for labor to the more competitive industries and ventures. The consequence is dissertation of some industries that may render experts in those industries jobless. Finding jobs with redundant skills, especially at old age may be a challenge and a threat to people’s welfare and economic growth. It is also argued that free trade exposes an economy to trends in other economies and to global economic trends. Inflation in one country may induce inflation in another country because traded goods from the affected country transfers the inflation effect into the recipient economy. Similarly, recession in one economy may reduce its potentials to import commodities and reduce demand for another country’s export. Cases of perishable commodities would result into economic loss in the exporting countries. Opponents of free trade also claim that the international market favors some economies than others. Countries that are more efficient are able to trade at competitive advantag es and this hinders development of emerging economies that lack such advantages. This basis limits benefits of free trade to developed countries that continues to expand their economies while economies of developing countries stagnate. Regulations are also necessary for environmental conservation and free trade is a threat to this because it eliminates or weakens environmental laws. Organizations that produce commodities in less regulated environments also have advantage over those that operate in strictly regulated environments and this may facilitate the urge to eliminate all environmental regulations. Doing so, based on the opponents’ perspectives, is a key to global environmental concerns such as the contemporary global warming. There are also circumstances in which natural justice requires regulations. Examples are in cases of economic downturns such as the recent global recession that called for regulations to prevent unemployment rates (Edge 1). Moral and rational anal ysis of the opposing arguments identifies weaknesses in their validity. Threats of structural unemployment are for example not real, because people can operate in different industries and organizations’ compositions identify diversity. Transition that focuses interest from one industry to another will therefore only shift employment in that direction. Limiting free trade in order to protect domestic industries and domestic economies is also not rational because such industries failed to thrive in previous restricted market environment and all economies suffered from previous recessions under regulated trade. A moral perspective, rather that rule based approach can also help in resolving issues such as environmental protection and protection of employments during economic crisis (Edge 1). A review of arguments for free

Activation Cracks And Workarounds Windows Vista Computer Science Essay

Activation Cracks And Workarounds Windows Vista Computer Science Essay Windows Vista enthusiasts and lovers already can download final RTM version gold release of Windows Vista from the Internet, way before the scheduled and target release date of Windows Vista to retail customer on early 2007. However, unless you have a hand on corporate volume license key (VLK), as Windows Vista is not yet officially goes on sale, so you wont possible to purchase a license to get hold on a legal and genuine product key to activate and Windows Vista product activation (WPA) process to validate that the copy of Vista is genuine. In this situation, so in the situation that youre having problem to successfully complete Windows Vista activation, or wish to bypass and skip the activation process, you can install Windows Vista in trial demo mode and extend the grace period for activation for longer usage when the activation expiry date closing by. If you want to get rid of evaluation copy watermark message, visit here. Else, users need to use some tricks and hacks to activate Windows Vista (or make Windows Vista to believe itself has been activated). Try the following cracks and hacks to properly install Windows Vista without activation or to crack Vista activation so that WPA can be bypassed, skipped or avoided. (both not tested, but should works) Disconnect from Internet. Restart the computer. Set the computer date to 26 December 2006. Exit and save the BIOS settings. Install Disable automatically synchronize computer time with Internet time Restart the computer. E Set back the time to current date and time in BIOS. Save and exit the BIOS configuration menu. Connect to the Internet. Boot up to Windows Vista. With the time changing trick, Windows Vista will stop countdown to the activation grace period timeout date. (no longer works, or only worked on RC build) There is similar method but use year 2099 which made famous by pirated Vista DVD. Another crack or hack to activate Windows Vista is by replacing 2 files in Windows Vista Final RTM version with the same files from Windows Vista RC2 (only from build 5840, similar files from build 5744 or earlier wont work), and then use Windows Vista product key or registration key released and distributed via CPP (Customer Preview Program) intended for Windows Vista betas and release candidate to activate Windows Vista RTM Build 6000. (its actually the same technique or method that used to install and activate pre-RTM Windows Vista such as build 5840). Install Windows Vista Final by using default product key (no product key entered). Download the crack Windows.Vista.FINAL.Crack.raVen.rar or Windows.Vista.RTM.Activation.Crack-iND.rar or Microsoft.Windows.Vista.RTM.PROPER.Activation.Crack-ReeBSaW or Windows.Vista.RTM.dEnoura.Crack.rar (all contains but packed by different crackers), and extract the compressed file. Navigate to WindowsSystem32Licensingpkeyconfig folder. Locate and right-click on pkeyconfig.xrm-ms file. Click on Properties, then open Security > Advanced > Owner > Edit, and click on Administrators. Click OK and close the Properties window. Right click again on pkeyconfig.xrm-ms file, and select Properties to open Properties window. Open Security > Advanced > Edit, then select Administrators and click Edit. Click on Full Control, then click OK and close the file Properties. Restart the computer and boot up in the Safe Mode. Replace and overwrite pkeyconfig.xrm-ms using the same file extracted from the downloaded package. Go to Start -> Run (or press Windows + R keys) to start Run box. Type in services.msc to launch Services (can also be launched from Control Panel). Find and locate the Software Licensing service. If its running, press on Stop button to stop the service. Navigate and browse to WindowsServiceProfilesNetworkServiceAppData RoamingMicrosoftSoftwareLicensing folder. Overwrite and replace the tokens.dat with the same file from the extracted package. You may need to take ownership and full control of the file by following step 5 9. Reboot and restart the computer, and bootup in normal mode. Go to Start > Help Support, and search for Activate by using search menu, then click on the third topic Activate Windows on this Computer to start Windows Activation. Alternatively go to Start and type in slui.exe into the Search Bar and press Enter to go to Windows Activation window. Input any Windows Vista product key or registration key or CD key from RC1 or RC2 or Beta 1 or Beta 2 or any other released by Microsoft and leaked to Internet to activate the Windows Vista. If you dont have any product key, sign up and register for Windows Vista Customer Preview Program (CPP) to receive a valid and legal product key. Or download the Windows.Vista.RTM.Activation.Crack-iND.rar which contains a RC product key in the archive. Run the genuine and activated Vista. There are also some hackers who combined the above 2 methods to stop the Windows Vista Product Activation countdown timer and then to activate Windows Vista by using cracked license files for RC1 and RC2. Restart the PC and boot into BIOS. Set the date to year 2099. Create and format the partition or hard disk that will be used to fresh install new Windows Vista. Next, install VISTA, do not enter any serial number so that user has 30-day window period for activation as trial demo that valid till 2099 instead of only working for 3 days due to illegal, ban, pirated, expired or not working and not genuine license key. After install, follow the Vista WPA crack procedures as immediate above method to activate the Windows Vista so that its as if genuine and legal. If you dont have Internet connection, you can activate Windows Vista by phone. There is now also a Windows Vista Activators AIO which packs most of the cracks (all of them using the same workaround actually) and product serial key into one single download package. Inside, there is Windows Vista Activator.exe which automatically apply the patch without the need for manual replacing process to crack and activate Vista. Enjoy Windows Vista before Microsoft closes this pirate loophole via Windows/Microsoft Updates or Windows Genuine Advantage (WGA) validation test, or the product key from RC or beta expired. Update: The final truth has came, in the form of KB929391 Windows Vista Validation Tool update. Find ways to crack KB929391. There is permanent method to crack Vista activation. Disclaimer: This article is for informational purpose only.

A Revolution of Values: The Promise of Multicultural Essay -- Rhetoric

A Revolution of Values: The Promise of Multicultural Change Bell Hooks was born in Hopkinsville, Kentucky in 1952. She was born into the era of segregation and was in high school during the start of civil rights movements. Since Hook’s was a young African American that attended one of the first integrated high schools, she experienced racism and segregation first hand. Her writing explains how it was to live during these times and also exhibits how her experiences effected her emotionally. Hook’s essay successfully achieves her purpose because of the credibility instilled by the historical context of her writing and expert opinions and her appeals to pathos through the use of personal experience. In Hook’s writing she had one specific purpose. She wanted to help people understand the depth and complexities of racial injustice. She is also informing the reader that racism is something that not many people think too much about. She is stating that we tend to overlook most of our past and present issues of racism and segregation because we have been raised in a world that is not an issue worth worrying about. She writes how hard it is to be a nation that has no multicultural injustices, and that her dream is to one day live a life where everyone can practice freedom. Hooks’ writing gains credibility from her use of historical context and expert opinions. One of the biggest factors is that she was from the south where white people thought of blacks as Bohemians that had radical ideas of becoming a nation of multicultural equality. The examples of these thoughts is valid because she was a young black girl at the time and witnessed it first hand. In the 1950’s through early 1960’s segregation was at its peak measure so... ...ndship. As you can see Bell Hooks’ purpose is successfully supported by credibility justified through the historical context of her writing and expert opinions, and her appeals to pathos through personal experience. Her purpose helps you see behind the lines and understand the complexities of racism. Knowing the historical context of her writing establishes her credibility and helps you understand the author’s situation. Last, her appeal to pathos is aided by personal experiences in which she wrote, helping give more meaning and support to her writing because it makes it easier to understand the point that she is trying to get across. So the next time that you are encountered with racism or see it, maybe you will think of Bell Hooks and help make this country a great place to live with freedom and the right of every individual to be equal.

Our Dreams

Each of us has many dreams and in fact they are a sign that we are alive, we exist and we are going forward despite the situation we live in. My dreams, like every young person, are countless. When we had midterm break my boyfriend fulfilled this long dream as a gift for Valentine's Day. We visited Venice and Bergamo. Our` hearts and souls are still there with the beauty that surrounds us. There everything is like in the movies I've seen with the difference that when you get up, you look around and realize you're part of the Italian breeze, your heart starts to beats as it wants to jump in order to enjoy beauty and intoxication with you. I'm still really excited even when I remember my experience. I can tell each destination separately for days. The one I chose to tell you is our last destination – Venice. The magic that conceals this magical place causes every visitor to yearn to return again and again there. The small, narrow streets have preserved the charm of the past times, bringing warmth, love and romance to tourists. I remember when we arrived at the boat at dusk. We went right in San Marco Square. The majesty of the basilica, pigeons and music of the symphony orchestras of every restaurant made everything in us dancing. We continued our tour around the island with a visit to all the sights, and for me The most beautiful place was the Bridge of Sighs. There I received my first Italian rose, which I keep to this day. The view provokes us a warm sigh and a desire to stop the time and to stay there forever. In the evening we were in a small restaurant at the Grande Canale, drinking red wine and enjoying the sunset. Love, Italy and Venice really go hand in hand. This country makes an unforgettable gift to every visitor by donating memories of eternal beauty, intoxication, romance and love. Once you have visited Italy, there is a warmth in your heart that keeps trembling and leaves the feeling that you have forgotten something and you have to go back and look for it.

What makes a building green

This paper explores what makes building material green. Green building materials are materials that have less impact on the environment, human health, economy and productivity as well. Since buildings have significant impacts of the environment, design professional have resolved to the use of green materials in building process so as to eliminate waste and to conserve the environment. Construction of buildings consumes a lot of energy use and also emits a lot of carbon dioxide in the environment. Construction also consumes a lot of raw material each year. Buildings made from green material are healthier, energy efficient than other buildings and more durable. This paper will concisely articulate what sustainability and green building products are. This paper will also determine and explore if a product is green. Lastly, this paper will evaluate the relative greenness of different products. Table of contents Introduction 4 What is Sustainability? 5 Exploration 7 Green Building Products 7 How to determine a green product 10 Implementation 12 Conclusion 21 Works Cited 22 What makes a building material Green? Introduction Construction of buildings has intense environmental, health, economic and productivity impacts. 20% of global energy use is from buildings. Buildings also emit 20% of carbon dioxide to the environment. For these reasons, many builders have resolved in the use of green building since it has financial, health and environmental benefits. Many countries that practise sustainability have also supported the green building movement. Statistics in the U. S. show that green building construction will rise from 2% in 2005 to 10% of the constructed buildings by the year 2010 and therefore the country will have save about $30. billion. The green building initiatives in the U. S. has established more that 80 green building programs both regionally and locally. The local governments are also involved in the promotion of the green building by creating innovating ways of supporting the programs (NACo Green Government Initiative 1). In Europe and North America, many architects are involved in designi ng sustainable designs also known as the green building designs. This is due to their clients’ demands and their recognition in protecting the environment. Globally, there is a lot of support form the people in establishing environmental friendly buildings (Pearce 129). There is need of financing low energy buildings so as to enhance performance. Governments should initiate more programs that enhance building of green buildings. This process will therefore eliminate the environmental hazards and increase global health standards while reducing costs (Baden et al. 8-1). The green building has made tremendous benefits globally. The initiative has help in the conservation of the environment, health and financial issues (NACo Green Government Initiative 1). What is Sustainability? Sustainability is being responsible to the world especially environment and in energy saving. Sustainability is a social program that helps in energy saving and other global protection of the environment. It deals with issues on the environment, economy and society (Langdon 6). In order for the building process to be sustainable, there is need of taking care of the environment, health issues and the finances of the society. Sustainability has led to the establishment of green buildings since it helps in the protecting the air we breath (Wiaderski 2). Green buildings prevent the particles such as Volatile Organic Compounds off-gassings, carcinogenic among other airborne particles from filling people’s lungs. Green building eliminates the use of paints and adhesives that emits these volatile organic compounds. The process of using green materials such as the Dryvit coatings and adhesives, which are water based helps in the elimination of the harmful chemicals in the environment (Wiaderski 3). Many hospitals and schools are being sustainable by using green materials in the constructions process. This has therefore helped in ensuring that people live in environments that are safe and healthy. For sustainability to be ensured, designers are now using green materials that are environmental friendly (Wiaderski 3). To ensure that there is sustainability, there are many building standards that have been introduced. For example the National-recognized green building rating standards have been established for the builders and designers to ensure that they are making buildings that are protect the environment and the health standards of the people (NACo Green Government Initiative 3). In sustainability, builders try to eliminate the use of fibreglass insulation and other such products in order to protect the human health standards. This is the reason why builders use the Dryvit system in insulation since it helps in the improvement of the quality of the air in building (Wiaderski 4). To ensure sustainability in green building construction and design, the major factors to consider are efficiency in energy and other resources. This is done by ensuring that the designed buildings should of low energy consumption. This is practical by the use of the Dryvit systems which adds a constant insulation layer on the exterior walls of a building. The Dryvit system also minimizes the thermal breaks of the building. This process of insulation of the exterior wall helps in energy conservation and it also improves the indoor air quality of a building. Insulation also helps in resisting bad weather conditions. Insulation of the exterior walls is also advantageous to the northern climates since it increase the temperature of the wall cavity which therefore helps in the minimization of the condensation process inside the cavity of the walls. This process is also advantageous to the southern climate since it helps in reducing the air infiltration therefore protecting the wall cavity by minimising the entry of the heavily saturated moist air. This helps in the reducing mold growth and condensation on the wall cavity (Wiaderski 4). A study conducted by Oak Ridge National Laboratories on the building material concludes that the Dryvit wall system is a building system that conserves energy of the wall system and therefore it was suggested that the system should be used in the commercial construction of the U. S. buildings (Kosny et al. Whole Wall Rating / Label for Dryvit Wall System Steady State Thermal Analysis). For sustainability, designers need to use products that protect the economy of the people and the country. Green products are durable and they also don’t need be maintained and repaired constantly. One practical example is the use of the Dryvit systems which is adaptable. This systems’ repair and main tenance process does not need to be harshly removed nor does not require demolition (Wiaderski 5). The base coat of the green products has a reinforced mesh that is embedded on them to ensure durability and resistance for more than 30 years. Since the green products are durable and resistant, they have been found to be cost effective. For example the Dryvit systems have been found to be cost effective due to its durability and other advantageous aspects (Egan et al. Projected Life Cycle Cost of Exterior Insulation Finish Systems). There are green building practices that help in the sustainability. This includes the use of the indoor air quality. In this practice, the designers and the builders ensure that they make buildings that have quality indoor air systems. This practice involves concepts such as relationships of the ventilations and the indoor air. Other concepts include the use of the simple dose in building process and source identification. Other concepts include strategies and options of source control and design and operations of ventilation systems. There are other concepts such as the selection and specification of material and procedure of construction. Lastly, other concepts for best practices in the construction process include the maintenance, operation and renovations (Levin Best Sustainable Indoor Air Quality Practices in Commercial Buildings). Exploration Green Building Products Green building products are materials that have less or none impacts of the environment. These materials are not hazardous materials and they allow for the eradication of the other hazardous building products. There are many classifications of green products. In the classification of the green building products, the building products are evaluates using their negative and positive impacts and thereafter, the products with most positives are classified as a green product (Wilson Building Materials). There are products that fall into multiple classifications and others that fall into one classification. The classifications of the green products include durability, zero-gassing, toxicity, longevity and resource efficiency. Other classifications include environmental impacts and energy efficiency. Green products are building products with various environmental and cost benefits. Green products have long-term performance benefits (Wiaderski 2). Green products are combined with the building designs to help in the reduction of the negative environmental effects. Deign and building professions the use the green designs ensure that they give vigilant attention to the aspects that oversee the projects’ designs. Buildings made from green products are airtight and therefore keeps the buildings from interior and exterior contaminations. Constructions that use green materials ensure that there is a healthy environment to the people in the society (Wiaderski 2). The green products are classified in the category of energy rating, life cycle costs and health conditions (Wiaderski 4). The common features of the green buildings include the energy conservation in which include factors such insulation, mechanical equipment and efficient lights as well. The other feature include the utilization of solar energy in which factors such as space heating, cooling and water heating are considered. There is also the water conservation feature which ensures that there are fixtures of low consumption. Other features of the green products include the recycled material incorporation and materials with low emissions improved indoor air quality ventilation (Levin Best Sustainable Indoor Air Quality Practices in Commercial Buildings). The other features of the green products include the development sites that less destructive to the environments which include processes such as run-off control, water courses and other natural habitats preservations. The other feature is the treatment of the on-site waste water. There are also features such the use of refrigeration and fire systems that have compounds that reduce or eliminate ozone-depletion. The other feature include the use of life cycled materials and assessment of the building projects’ environmental impacts. The last feature of the green products is the use of recycled products (Levin Best Sustainable Indoor Air Quality Practices in Commercial Buildings). Green building materials are sustainable to the environment since they help in the improvement of the health standards of the people. These are recycled materials that are highly durable. These products are categorised in criteria such as the resource efficient products which include products such salvage products, post-consumer and pre-consumer products. This category also includes products such as waste agricultural materials. The green products also include product that are non toxic which include products such as the natural processed and non ozone-depletion products. This category also includes non hazardous products and other environmental protection products. The other category of the green products includes the energy and the water efficiency products which include products such heat reducing building components and energy conserving equipments. Other products include the energy renewable equipment and water conserving equipments (Port 3). The last category of the green products includes the safe and healthy built environment products. These products include the non-pollutant products and products that reduce the contamination spread. Other products that are in this category include the indoor pollutants removers’ products and products that are used in warning about health hazards. Other products include that are light improvers and help in the control of noise. Lastly, this category includes products that help in community well-being’s enhancement (Port 3). Homes that are made from green products are durable, healthier and more efficient that other home. Components of a green home include selection of strategic sites to reduce environmental impacts. The other component is designs that help in conserving water and energy and waste. The other components include designs that minimize usage of materials and therefore reduce the needs to maintain the homes. Homes made from the green materials possess components that are recycled and are therefore efficient to the energy conservation. These components also use sources that are renewable (NACo Green Government Initiative 1). Green products have been used by the USA’s Green Building Resource Centre. These products help in the conserving the energy, water and natural resources. The products also help in the protection of the indoor environment of the buildings (Levin 465-482). How to determine a green product Green products are determined by how they meet the requirements of the performance. These requirements include the factors such as being sufficient and durable. The other requirements of the performance include the strength predictability and stability. Other requirements are such as moisture, decay and bio-contamination resistance and have less cost compared to other products. The other requirement includes factors of being non-toxic and non-hazardous to the people around. Lastly, these products are able to be efficiently and effectively installed (Pearce 3). The other way to determine whether a product is green is by ensuring that the product is not negatively an impact to the ecosystems. In this way, one should ensure that the product is harvested sustainably and is also non-accumulative and non-toxic to the environment. Another way of determining the product id this category is by ensuring that the product is recyclable and is cost effective since it does not have to be repair and maintained. Products in this criterion also produce waste that can be reused and recovered (Pearce 4). Another way to determine the green products is by ensuring that the products are able to be renewed. In this criterion, the products are checked is they are renewable and if they can be harvested sustainably. The other things to consider are whether the products are materials that are closed loop. This means that the products should be checked whether they are reused or recycled. Other things to consider in this criterion are things such as whether the product is adaptable or reusable and also whether they are non-renewable. Lastly, the products are checked whether they use unsustainable material (Pearce 5). The other factors that determine whether a product is green include factors such as green products saves energy. In this factor the products are determined whether they help in the reduction of the heating and cooling loads. Other factors are whether the products use reduces energy levels. Lastly, the green products are products that can produce energy. Products can be determined as green products when they protect the natural resources. In this factor, the products are checked whether they have recycled content and whether they are made from agricultural waste. Products that use less material and are made from materials that are swiftly renewable also fall in this category. The products in this category are those that are made from managed forest and are also products that are salvaged (OFGEM A review of the Energy Efficiency Commitment 2002-2005). The other factor that can make a product green is when they can conserve water. The products include those that can conserve and consume less water. The other way to determine whether the products are green is by checking whether the products have contributed in the safety and healthiness of the indoor environment. In this way the products are determined whether that have effects on the indoors. Such products should not release and pollutants in the buildings. Products in this category do not remove pollutants in the indoor environment (Mendell 227-236). Lastly, products can be determined to be green when they reduce the impacts of buildings on the community. These products are those that moderate the storm water effects and also help in the provision of access to transportation modes that are alternatives to other transportation modes. These are also products that treat without the use of the chemicals and also do not components that deplete the ozone (Levin 173-175). Practical examples of the buildings and projects which are among the 10 winners of â€Å"What makes it green 2008 winners† that have been used in the illustration of the green products include the Bertschi School in Seattle WA which was helped the people in the area to minimize the usage of transportation. The other example is the Centre of Urban Waters project in the Tacoma that is used in storm water runoff reduction. The other illustration is of the Corvallis CoHousing project in the Corvallis which has ensure that the there is minimization of the use of the resources through sharing. There is also the illustration of Kitsap Sustainable Energy and Economic Development that encourages clean energy development (Dispenza Green Building Elements: What makes it Green? 2008 Winners). Implementation The greenness of products can be evaluated from different perspectives for example according to their durability, stability, strength and speed. The greenness of products can be judged from the way a product or a material reduces its demand for landfills especially the cement company Ceratech in the U. S which makes use of recycled fly ash to manufacture Redimax cement. Ceratech, Inc a technology company for materials focuses in the enlargement and the commercialization of inventive green cement sustainable knowledge (Stone 1). The Romans used the volcanic ash (Pozzolan) which they mixed together with lime in order to manufacture the cement for constructing Coliseums, Pantheon and Pont du Gard Aqueduct in Southern France which are strong to date. Pozzolans include fly ash, timber ash, slag and residue from publicly consequential garbage which are blazed at elevated temperatures. The Ceratech Company uses fly ash in producing Redimax which is their cement for all household productions though it manufactures its cement locally by using Class N volcanic ash pozzolans to produce their cement. Fly residue, is a diaphanously alienated coal incineration derivative which is collected by electrostatic precipitators from the chimney gases. A rough calculation of 60% which equals to 42 M tons of fly ash is land filled in the U. S. per annum (Fanney et al Second International Green Building Conference and Exposition). There is a reduction in carbon footprint of concrete due to the replacement of Portland cement with fly ash since the production of a single ton of Portland cement gives production to roughly one ton of carbon dioxide. Ceratech technology of revolutionary cement is a footstep of change to the industry of construction by providing the cement which is environmental friendly and is engineered for its potency, momentum, permanence and its long-standing toughness. Fly ash which is a post industrial fritter away stream is utilised by Ceratech, in order to produce structural cement of high presentation worldwide encompassing of more than 90%materials from cast-off waste (Stone 3). The recycling process preserves the virgin material hence eliminating the mining of raw materials which are needed to produce Portland cement. It also reduces the emissions of carbon dioxide by making the replacement of Portla1nd cement to every ton of Portla1nd cement produced. World wide, Portland cement gives a contribution of 6% to 8% of all the gases of Carbon dioxide released per year (Consoli et al Guideline for Life-Cycle Assessment: A `Code of Practice' Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry). There is also the reduction of the energy consumed since the Ceratech Company is produced by the use of an amalgamation process of low energy powder against the calcining process of high temperatures. The Ceratech Company has done a careful manufacturing of their cement for the applications where strength, durability and strength are the preferred distinctiveness of a substance. There is competence of energy since their Pozzolanic cement requires 99% less energy to produce a corresponding amount of cement from Portland (CERATECH Green Sustainable Structural Building Material Technology: Driving Change through Innovative Thinking). The logistics behind the Redimax cement is that, it is shipped, handled, stored and batched like the Portland cement and it can either be transported by rail, truck or barge. Since the dangerous constituent of sustainable1 construction is durability, there is a designed subject to allow Ceratech maximizing the performance characteristics in order to come up with the constructing concrete which will last for long. The deterioration resistant of Redimax, low permeability does helps in resisting the establishment of the corrosive cell within the ma1trix of the concrete and in so doing there is eradication of characteristic costs which associate with the traditional corrosion performances of protection, coatings and sacrificial fundamentals. Hence there is extended cycle of the life of a construction. The strengths of green material can also result from its comprehensive strength since the cement concrete acquires rapid characteristic of hardening so that it gives an easy generation of more than five hours comprehensive strengths of 2,000 psi without any negative impact working time (CERATECH Green Sustainable Structural Building Material Technology: Driving Change through Innovative Thinking). The Sulfate Resistance of the cement evaluates the greenness of the product by examining its uniform density and extreme fine pore structure which increases its resistance to the penetration by water or substance. There is evaluation of greenness of products in terms of Improved Flexural Strengths whereby when they are associated with Redimax there is a typical of 15% to 18% compressive strengths of correspondence. There is an allowance of reduced loading stress from the cement in order to substrate for slab on grade work more effectively than the Portland cement concrete. The enhancement of flexural capabilities does provide for potential incorporation to longer spans fore important applications which are structural (CERATECH Green Sustainable Structural Building Material Technology: Driving Change through Innovative Thinking). The greenness of a product can be evaluated in terms of the expenses for instance the Ceratech construction expenses were reduced together with its direct and indirect value of the building project which leads o the enhancement of the breadth of a company’ s exclusive cement distinctiveness. The construction costs include reduced labour costs which are as a result of the compression of the project schedule. The compression also diminished costs, for charter items such as shoring organization, formwork and special apparatus. There is also the reduction of eliminate issues which are in association with the rejected concrete due to the discharge requirement of water within a period of 90 minutes. The construction cost reduction leads to the reduced prices in material costs by as much as 30% (CERATECH Green Sustainable Structural Building Material Technology: Driving Change through Innovative Thinking). There is also operating costs which lead to the decrease of heating and cooling costs due to decrease on the whole thermal mass of the building. There is also outstanding confrontation to damage from the liquefying congeal, scaling and chemical assaults and the extension of the suitability for local, situation and centralized taxes by means of GREEN inducement curriculum. There is also maximized reduction on saleable space expenses for example the reduced size structural mechanism by means of greater square recording. The evaluation of the greenness of a product can be gauged in terms of the innova1tion, aesthetics and environmental leadership. Innova1tion can be observed from the superior mechanical properties in order to give allowance to the increase in the usable space by decreasing the column footprints, breadth of the slab, the height of the ceiling and the increased free distance lengths. There is also the increase of 30% in the increase fire charges. The other evaluation of greenness in innovation on innovation is the creation of blast dead set against structures, the rapid build dry piled block structures utilizing the innovatory and also the design storm resistant colossal stonework structures (CERATECH Green Sustainable Structural Building Material Technology: Driving Change through Innovative Thinking). There is also the environmental leadership which entails the requirement of the technology of the product company as either stonework block concrete. This will do away with a single ton of carbon dioxide gas for every 3 yards of concrete. The efficiency, strength and safety of a product can brought out thr3ough greenness by the example of the technology of Ceratech cement technology which exceeds ASTM-C-1600 in all the groupings of testing. Whereby increase in the power gives allowance for greater suppleness of design, efficiency and the general presentation of building. The greenness of the product can also be observed from the efficiency of the design for instance in the Ceratech Company whereby the ultra high strength hollow core floor board consent to greater free duration extensions. There is reduction of overall weight of building whereby columns which cross sections can be reduced by a nearly percentage of 40%. There is also reduction of rebar requirements. The strength of the product can bring out its greenness like in the case of Ceratech who have compressive strengths to 10,000 psi using standard mix designs with high early strengths to 2,000npsi in 6hours (CERATECH Green Sustainable Structural Building Material Technology: Driving Change through Innovative Thinking). The use of green building construction, is of great benefit to the consumers since it is efficient in energy, water and materials, it minimizes waste and pollution and creates a better indoor environment. Designing of buildings is aimed at humanizing interior excellence of the surrounding which can bring into being benefits for workplaces and the productivity of the workers as well as the landlords. A proficient green structure can be strong enticement when giving promotion to the charter of residential or marketable space. According to environmental protection agencies, deprived interior air quality is an environmental threat to a nation. Whereas sick building syndrome causes fatigue and illness which is brought about by poor designed ventilations and the presence of biological contaminations for instance molds, bacteria and pollens. The indoor air pollutants can be as a result of smoking of tobacco, building resources, products for beautifying, practices for clearing out, pest management, supplying, dust together with other activities such as cleaning and heating up (Stone 4). Due to poor green construction, there is a possibility of occupants complaining of several indications such headache, irritations in the eyes, nose and exasperation of the throats, dry coughs, itchy skin, wooziness and vomiting, difficulty in concentrating, exhaustion and sensitivity to scents. Relieve from the suffering, comes about after leaving the building. T he Sick Building Syndrome reduces the efficiency of the workers which may lead to increased non-attendance. Green construction indemnifies appropriate exposure to air, condensed particulate substance and substitutes to pollution of chemical as long as preservation and modifying activities work in performance with the intention of the established green materials and systems when the construction took place (Stone 4). The elements of design of a construction play an important role in eradicating interior contaminants. Therefore, there is an importance of integrating permanent entryway features for example grills or grates which will be used to capture dirt and particulate substance at all entryways with heavy traffic. The buildings should also include controls of tenants for airflow, temperature and lightning. The possible options have to include task lighting, operable windows and under-floor heating, aeration (ventilation) and air habituation (HVAC) arrangements with personal diffusers. There should be a possibility of the proposal of the building maximizing the quantity of proscribed daylight that can reach interior regions which are occupied. The prohibited day lighting involves reflective exteriors and disseminating elements which enable sunshine diffusion while taking control of frown. Additionally, light sensors should be installed to supplement the total amount of sunshine to supply desirable lighting levels for the necessary errands (Lippiatt 37-45). The relative greenness of a product can be evaluated from scrutinizing the construction resources, supplying, and other products such as air fresheners, clearing products and pesticides which in the end result can discharge contaminants more or less incessantly. Therefore, there is a proposal of Formaldehyde-free materials for floor covering, furniture, fortifications and upper limits, lagging and finishes, sub-flooring and en suite breakfronts. Preferably all the bonding agents and paints should not have any fillings of Volatile Organic Content (VOC) but instead ordinary and water-based coverings should be used. Low and no-discharge grounds and flooring finishes, natural coverings of the floor are of greatly preferred to conventional carpeting (Stone 5). An observation from United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) the financial benefits of residential green building, there is a production of $200-$400 in annual savings in energy from the houses which are built to Energy Star. This are all on heating, cooling and water heater related costs. The durability of the green home construction interprets to additional savings on the preservations over the existence of a home (Internal Revenue Service Treasury and IRS Provide Guidance on Energy Credit to Home Builders). There is an important role which is played by the counties in educating the residents and builders of homes, about saving energy and obtainable refunds, recognitions and other funding support for green structure and projects for home development (Weitz et al. 5810-5849). The counties can give an action of Clearinghouse of information for builders and confidential citizens who have an interest of capitalizing on the benefits of investments of their green building schemes. The incentives of finance in order to build green, come in different forms including credits from taxes, for individual taxpayers, accelerating process of giving permission for homebuilders and rebates from both power and water companies for doing the setting up of resource competent attributes in a residence (Roodman et al A Building Revolution: How Ecology and Health Concerns are Transforming Construction). The available incentives and rebate programs available to landlords and homebuilders include the Federal Energy Policy Act Tax Incentives whereby this act of Federal Energy Policy Act 2005, presents the inducements of tax for both acquiring and installing competent energy productions in building. This proceed comprises of credits to builders and customers for green structure schemes, enhancements of energy economy home and solar energy organizations (Internal Revenue Service Treasury and IRS Provide Guidance on Energy Credit to Home Builders). On the national Ratings Certifications and Standards, the recognized national ratings, standards systems and certifications of green building can be exceptional gear for regions for employment when coming up with own residential curriculums for green building. There can be customization of national programs in accordance to the differences of the region while giving provision of approval framework on which counties can come up with their own advancement of green building. Therefore there is a widespread network which has provided allowance to the national programs to bring together case studies and al1 the best information practices from all through the U. S (EIA Analysis of 10% renewable Portfolio Standard). There are a number of green building ratings, certifications and standard programs which are countrywide well known and may be given a priority to come up with programs of green building. They include, LEED for homes which is a USGBC with a mission of advancing the revolution of the market of the environment which is constructs, increases and supervises the LEED for the rating systems of homes which were put into action in 2005 and gave provision to a tool for certifying homes that are given a design in order to be energy, water and efficient of resources and built with the health of future occupants being considered. There is also the Centre for Communities by Design whereby the American Institute of Architects (AIA) Centre for Communities by Design does provide support to the societies on sustainable planning through its curriculum of Sustainable Design Assistance Team. SDAT’s undertaking is to provide methodological support in order to hold up communities come up with the vision and the construction for a sustainable future (EIA Analysis of 10% renewable Portfolio Standard). Conclusion The discussion in the paper was based on the green building products and their sustainability of Construction. It seems that, in many cases, the best alternative of a design for interior surrounding quality gives a determination on the excellence of the general atmosphere. Therefore the elimination of air contamination in the indoor will be determined by the durability of the building material which will hence need lower quantities and less toxic chemicals for the maintenance and renovation (Levin Best Sustainable Indoor Air Quality Practices in Commercial Buildings). The paper focused on the implementation and exploration of the green products for construction. There is also the evaluation of the greenness of construction materials which can be evaluated in different ways including valuing the durability, stability, strength and speed of the materials (Levin Building Design and Material Selection). The greenness of products is judged from the way a product or a material reduces its demand for landfills especially the cement company Ceratech in the U. S which makes use of recycled fly ash to manufacture Redimax cement. There are also energy policy acts which are featured on the paper which focus on means of saving the energy (EIA Analysis of 10% renewable Portfolio Standard).

Analysis of Great Global Warming Swindle Essays

Analysis of Great Global Warming Swindle Essays Analysis of Great Global Warming Swindle Paper Analysis of Great Global Warming Swindle Paper and its Fourth Assessment Report in 2007. The most up-to- date figure for the Northern Hemisphere, from EPIC (2007), is reproduced in Figure 3, which shows 12 different reconstructions. These consistently show that, for the Northern Hemisphere, the past century is exceptionally warm, and that the warmth of recent decades clearly exceeds that of the Medieval Warm Period in all cases. The United States National Academies published a report in 2006 (NAS 2006) that reviewed the published scientific evidence on surface temperature reconstructions for the last 2000 years. It found that evidence for regional warmth during medieval times [centered around AD 1 000] can be found in a diverse but more limited set of records including ice cores, tree rings, marine sediments, and historical sources from Europe and Asia, but the exact timing and duration of warm periods may have varied from region to region, and the magnitude and geographic extent of the warmth are uncertain. 1 5 Based on a review of the scientific literature, the report concluded none of the large- scale surface temperature reconstructions show medieval temperatures as warm as the last few decades of the 20th century. Very clearly, the documentary has misrepresented the early EPIC figure, and ignored all EPIC updates to this figure. The analyses published by the EPIC strongly contradict the documentary. Another such scientific inaccuracy is the claim that the rising temperatures of the planet stared to plateau around 1940 and then didnt continue to rise again until 1970, and therefore that this represents evidence that human activities dont influence the climate. This is clearly a tactic employed by the movies makers and interviewees to manipulate the audience as the logic behind this is very flawed. The years leading up to and during the second World War were a time of great industrialization for many countries in the northern hemisphere (which contains a majority of the Earths landmass), causing large amounts of carbon dioxide to be pumped into the atmosphere. This industrialization also created a large amount of pollutants that stayed in the lower atmosphere which reflect incoming sunlight back into space, thereby causing temporary cooling. These lower level pollutants, including sulfate aerosols only have residency times of a few months (as opposed to about 1 00 years for CO)1 6 and therefore arming resumes (refer to figure 1 in appendix). The current data from the EPIC shows that since then, the temperature has been increasing faster than it has in the last 1 0,000 years 17. While there were clearly many attempts at manipulations and scientific errors in the Global Warming Swindle, there were a few valid points that were made. The argument that Global warming is (in some cases) being used in such a way that keeps developing countries from the rapid development needed to create better standards of living for the general population in a valid one. It is very simple for the theory to be seed in a way that makes actions such as preventing the use of fossil fuels in developing countries seem valid, despite the fact that this often a necessary step in the development process. Developed countries currently emit a vast majority of global greenhouse emissions and the media frequently depicts countries such as China and India as the colloquially termed bad guys because they refuse to maintain the necessary reductions in greenhouse emissions. The movie showed a short clip of an interview in a hospital in a rural area of an developing countries where the power from a solar panel was Leary not enough to power the hospital. Such instances are common in rural areas of Africa where Nags, in an attempt to reduce Global emissions, install inappropriate technologies. The movie is also has a sound format in that it is in documentary style? (disregarding the validity of the points presented), and it shows clips from various different scientists and Climate skeptics in different fields. Climate change Skeptic Bicorn Lombard has been criticized for using very few researchers belonging to a very narrow spectrum of fields to validate his clams 8. In comparison, The Global Warming Swindle has resented a decent number of sources and experts. The general format was also such that it intertwined interviews, narration and visual aids. This method is quite effective in maintaining the interest of the audience throughout the movie. The inaccuracies presented in AY Gores An Inconvenient Truth needed to be responded to and the general idea of creating a documentary to address this issue was a good one. AY Gore only barely presented the other side of the argument and there are some very valid cases relating to the fact that Global Warming may not have anthropogenic causes. In fact, if the Global Warming Swindle is correct in its assertion that Global warming isnt manmade then there really isnt much that can be done and our resources really would be better spent elsewhere and any real action would mean convincing every nation on Earth to cut down on fuel emissions-which data suggests, is unlikely. Despite these valid points, arguments can be made to the contrary, especially with consideration to their presentation and the omission of certain information. The Global Warming Swindle implies that there are official expectations for developing countries to cut emissions by the same amount s developed countries. This isnt true. The Kyoto protocol explicitly stated that there was nothing expected from developing countries in this regard 19. This was yet another attempt to manipulate the audience into believing the producers agenda. The inclusion of this fact may have made the movie seem a little more credible and balanced but this information is Omitted. For the most part, it is now understood that economic development has to go hand in hand with climate policy. There is currently no legitimate environmental movement that says that the worlds less developed should have their access o energy restricted. There is also a very valid argument to the effect that sustainable development is a possible route towards economic development. Regardless, even if sustainable development doesnt occur, the use of fossil fuels for development in developing countries wouldnt have a significant effect on the environment. Costs estimate that the upper bound for the annual cost of emissions reductions consistent with the stabilization of CO levels would equal about 1 % of the worlds GAP by 205020. This shows that, despite the cost, continual development is possible and that these actions will reverent the possible occurrence of Global Warming related phenomena that could have a detrimental effect to global development. The issue about how scientists now use the theory of manmade global warming to fund their research is completely true. On the other hand, this is not a new phenomenon. In order to prove or disprove a theory, scientists need to find sources of funding for their research. Obviously using arguably the most in vogue scientific issue of our time is an easy way to get funding. Before the theory of Global Warming was being researched, scientists still had to present their research and find modes of funding. Therefore using this as a way to argue that Global Warming isnt the result of anthropogenic greenhouse gases seems a weak argument that is rather off topic. The Great Global Warming Swindle does not represent the current state of knowledge in climate science. Skepticism in science is a healthy thing, and the presence of orthodox scientific skepticism in climate change is ubiquitous. Many of the hypotheses presented in the Great Global Warming Swindle have been considered and rejected by due scientific process. This documentary is far from an objective, critical examination of climate science. Instead the Great Global Warming Swindle goes to great lengths to present outdated, incorrect or ambiguous data in such a way as to grossly distort the true understanding of climate change science, and to support a set of extremely controversial views.

Food Inc vs.Super Size Me Essay Example

Food Inc vs.Super Size Me Essay Example Food Inc vs.Super Size Me Essay Food Inc vs.Super Size Me Essay The movie tarts with a quote the way we eat has changed more over the past fifty years than in the previous ten thousand. Food production has changed dramatically. The production of food is now controlled by many corporations -these corporations tell the food producers what should be done so that business is profitable. Regardless of consequences, many things are often forgotten about. For example the treatment of the animals. Yes they are going to eventually be killed for our consumption, but there are guidelines as to how they should be treated. The companies spend millions f dollars on lobbyists to change the law to benefit themselves. This movie shows the drastic difference between farms produced food and food produced In a factory. Food produced on a farm is organic, and food produced in a factory contains many different chemicals and ingredients that are and can be harmful to our bodies. I personally found this movie to be extremely frugal, disgusting, ineffective, and boring. The reason I found this movie to be boring is because even though it was the truth about food industries and spending habits. I love food way too much to want to now the actual facts about food. : I dont want to have to worry about whether It Is good for me or not. Even though unnatural ways are used to feed the animals to fatten them up and to grow faster and bigger. It is cheaper and easier to pump them with hormones and chemicals than it is to have it done naturally. The companies that work for the fast food companies require more products at cheaper price. The meat industry also uses chemicals that would harm people if the company doesnt mix it right. Also they are susceptible to far more dangerous bacteria because of the way hey process the meat and other foods. I find It unnerving that food companies are allowed to continue making food they way they do. I had thought that there were laws and guidelines that food companies had to follow in order to make our food safe to eat. Why is it that it seems different? I guess what the truth is happens to be far from what we think is the truth. I also didnt think there was a huge process in the way our food Is and was made. When I see a steak on my plate I dont think that the animal that this chunk of meat came from had been pumped up with hormones and Heimlich. I find that to be disgusting. I dont think I can look at food the same way as I did before I saw this film. Food Inc. The movie was really graphic and didnt spare any unwanted information. The movie explicitly showed the process of how is food is made. I never knew that meat hung for days before it was cut to package and then later sell. I wonder if the meat that is in grocery stores is really fresh or almost spoiled. How do we know for sure, it thinks the movie Food Inc. Really makes that question disappear? Lastly the movie was Ineffective. The movie was Ineffective, Decease It snows ten Insane process AT now Is mace Ana I Delve Tanat would defer people from wanting to eat in general or certain foods. Now that Vive seen this movie I can definitely say I will never look at food the same way as before I saw the film. I found some of the scenes in this film to be really graphic. Never in my life have I ever seen something so disgustingly graphic. The movie super size me is about a guy who goes on a thirty day experiment. He finds out that he does gain weight and develops some concerning health problems. Within seven days of his experiment he finds that his weight has changed drastically. He eventually weighed 210 pounds. He found that with this experiment his health risks were almost doubled within those thirty days. The movie also explains the risk factors from eating fast food. They describe it as if it is absolutely horrible to eat fast food. During this experiment he interviews many people about different daily diets. He went to schools and found that the food provided was the same as eating in a fast food restaurant. He finds that kids are presented with horrible food choices as well as adults. He even gave a good description of how chicken nuggets are made. In this movie two girls were seeing McDonalds for the health problems that occurred after the consumption of the food they ate at McDonalds. The main character of this movie found he to be tired, depressed, and moody from the diet of McDonalds for breakfast, lunch and dinner. My personal opinion of this movie is that it was effective. It was effective because instead of being boring like food Inc. ; super size me played upbeat music and explained things in a less boring way. Not only that super size me was interesting to watch. It was interesting to watch because it was an actual human being going through the experiment. Not many people would be willing to put their bodies in such harm, but this guy decided to go for it despite what his doctors advised him. His doctors told him he would have some dramatic increases in his health risks and he still chose to do the experiment. Some of the scenes were pretty graphic. For example the doctor visits. I mean come on did we really have to see the rectal exam. I know I deal with patients on a regular basis, but in the movie is another thing. When it comes to McDonalds I would never think that there was that much danger when eating there food. Vive come to realize that the food there isnt as healthy as I thought it was. I thought fast food was k to eat, but Vive learned from this movie and food Inc. That fast food isnt good for the body at all. In the movie they point out why fast food is so wrong to eat, and I have to say I agree. I learned that Im only supposed to take in at the most 2000 calories a day. If I eat fast food Just one day I would take in more than double the calories Im supposed to take in. Not to mention I would gain tons of weight.

What to Know About Business Math

What to Know About Business Math Put quite simply; Business Math deals with Money! Who cant benefit from having a better understanding of money and finance? Everyone can! Business math is for the individual who wants to understand everything about personal finance fully and its also for the business person who wants to learn about business finance. You simply cant take business without taking math, business and math go hand in hand. Some passionate business math enthusiasts will tell you, if you dont take any other math or if you dont like math, you still need business math, and because it deals with money, you might just like it. Everyone needs to manage money on some level which is what makes business math important for everyone to take. What Will I Take in Business Math? Topics in business math are many and include, but are not limited to: Interest ratesLoansMortgage Finance and AmortizationDepreciationInvestment and Wealth ManagementInsuranceCreditTaxes and Tax LawsDiscountsPayrollMarkups and MarkdownsStatisticsInventoryFinancial StatementsDepreciationAnnuitiesFuture and Present ValuesSimple and Compound Interest What Math Do I Need to Take Business Math? If you decide that business math is for you or that you need business math for your career goal, you will benefit from having an understanding of the following topics along with the ability to solve word problems: Fractions, Decimals, and Percents (use the four operations with fractions, convert between fractions and decimals and percents, calculate percents of a number with and without a calculator, convert and simplify fractions, reduce and convert fractionsWhole Numbers (to a million, read, write, round and estimate numbers) and Integers (understand how to use the four operations with integersBasic Equations in Early Algebra (solve equations involving more than 1 unknown term, solve proportions, solve equations using more than one operation, use the problem-solving planBe Able to Use a Variety of FormulasUnderstand and Work with the Mean, Median and the ModeRead Charts and Graphs Business MathSummary Business math is not just for the business owner or for personal finance. Business math is also important for the real estate profession, they need to know how to close a deal financially, and to understand mortgages, calculate commission rates, taxes and fees and use a variety of formulas effectively. Wealth managers and advisers, bankers, investment consultants, stockbrokers, accountants, and tax consultants all need to understand the financial transactions for investment purposes along with having an understanding of growth or loss over time. Business owners need to understand payroll applications and deductions. Then theres goods and services. Whether its buying or selling, an understanding of discounts, markups, overhead, profits, revenues, and costs are all essential components of the math needed to manage inventory whether it be goods and services or property, which also needs to be financially managed. Having a background in math opens opportunities, and the job prospects are promising. Now is the time to embark on business math.

Does classical traditional art have more substances than Vik Mumiz's Research Paper

Does classical traditional art have more substances than Vik Mumiz's Waste Land - Research Paper Example The area is controlled by drug cartels, and occasional dead bodies are stashed in the dump. More than three thousand pickers of recyclable materials live on the site in makeshift shacks containing appliances gathered from the dump. These people live in families of small groups, and teenage girls raising small children. This piece of art depicts the state of the society by showing the current situation of the low class individuals. Classical traditional art was used to show the culture, sexuality, and the state of the society. This makes it contain more substance than the film by Vik Muniz. Renaissance films, paintings, and sculptures are marked by renewal of classical motifs and subjects of art (Thomson-Jones, 20). These themes were evident in the 17th century when artists represented a rigid classism. Classical art exhibits a preference for order, beauty, harmony, and completeness by representing nature according to an artist’s observation (Aristides, 10). Traditional art req uires a great deal of skills and methods for its production that have been lost in the modern art. This art is manifested in painting, crafting, and sculpturing that makes objects that gratify and ennoble their viewers (Gazda, 8). Artists of classical traditional art produced images that created a perception, narration, and visualization of culture, society, and self (Janson and Anthony, 15). Current artists depict the nature of civilization, post-modernism, politics, culture, and sexuality (Kennedy and Emily, 18). Muniz has used garbage and unusual substances in the dump as his media. The film is set in a dump site where trucks deposit several tones of refuse. Catadores collect recyclable materials from the garbage to make their living (Kino, 2010). Their houses are furnished by appliances and furniture collected from the dump. When Muniz first visits the site, he sees a site crowded with dump trucks and workers, as flocks of scavenger birds hover around. Garbage collectors and mon keys climb over mountains of colorful garbage looking for items that can be sold. Muniz has used these objects to create his art for the social project in the dump. Classical traditional art usually used wood, political figures, heroes and other popular figures as media. These figures gave this form of art more meaning in the society than the use of garbage and strange substances as media for the art. The individuals may be considered to be dregs of the Brazilian society, but Muniz paints them as survivors who have endured the difficult living conditions of the dump. Some of the garbage collectors have lived in the dump for more than two generations. They have survived and gotten used to the stench emanating from the rotting garbage (Kino, 2010). The catadores are considered to be unfit and rejected by the society, but Muniz portrays them as loving, healthy, and fit to run families. However, this film shows the simplicity of life in the dump for the garbage collectors. Classical tra ditional art is a masterpiece of intelligence and complexity (Thomson-Jones, 26). The intelligence and complexity envelopes the main theme of the art and penetrates deep sections of the society. A single piece of traditional art can carry several themes that are present in the current society. The simplicity of wasteland makes it incomparable to classical art as it addresses only the hard living conditions of the dump. Classical traditional art is based upon the rediscovery or the reaffirmation of the traditions

Current Status of Online-Photo Sharing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Current Status of Online-Photo Sharing - Essay Example This has brought a new dimension in online-photo sharing. It has become easier for people to take photos using the high-pixel camera on their smart-phones. Furthermore, users can share photos with friends and family by posting them on Facebook at their convenience. Moreover, some online-photo sharing platforms like Instagram, offer Facebook and Google as an additional application. This is meant to make photo sharing more convenient. This review of the current status of online-photo sharing will include a discussion of the most popular methods of photo sharing nowadays. An online-photo Sharing site facilitates its users to post and share visual images with their friends and families through an online server. It also acts as their digital photos storage place (Photo Sharing Sites 2009). These sites have customized features which either allows public or private sharing of photos with friends or user groups. These customizations are meant to satisfy user’s diverse demands and preferences. Flickr (www.flickr.com) and Photobucket (www.photobucket.com) are the most famous online-photo sharing sites. These photo sharing sites have also developed advanced features like â€Å"photoblog,† where users upload photos to share their daily life experiences with other users. This is usually done by tagging and adding descriptions to the uploaded photos. Users can add any information on their photographs, such as camera model, location where the picture was taken and share ideas inside the photo. The search engine application installed on these sites enables pictures to be easily accessed by their title, dates, or any other distinguishing characteristic. It also enhances interaction and sharing on the online-photo sharing site. Social networking site provides users with a platform whereby they create profiles and communicate with friends and families via the Internet. People share photos and experiences with other users freely. In

Content analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Content analysis - Essay Example Net energy output comprised ethanol and co- product energy credit less energy inputs. Analysis was conducted on the life trends of corn ethanol systems leading to mainstream of United States power to approximate greenhouse gas release and energy efficiencies on the foundation of restructured standards for crop managing and output, biorefinery process, and co-product consumption. Direct consequence greenhouse gas release was projected to reduce as compared to gasoline. A graph of Biorefinery thermal energy efficiency in corn production against previous tears estimates were compared. Another graph of new energy yield against greenhouse gas emissions indicated a reduction of corn-ethanol systems. Charts to show regional variability in the corn ethanol system performance were used. Greenhouse gas reductions expected in this research permit a greater buffer for addition of circumlocutory effect land utilization and adjustment emissions whereas still attaining regulatory greenhouse gas reduction targets. These results corn-ethanol suggests that systems have substantially greater potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, as well as reduction of overdependence on imported petroleum for transportation fuels. An advanced closed-loop biorefinery with anaerobic digestion abridged greenhouse gas release and improved the net energy ratio. The research found that instead of being controlled by the customary models to measuring intangibles, through modern greenhouse gas coverage frameworks, a better open method is established which would advance the suitability and apply the worth of use and gas renewal

Obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Obesity - Essay Example Among Latinos, there was an increase from 12% to 24% in the same period (NHCSL 2010, p.11). This clearly shows that obesity is more prevalent in the minority Latinos as compared to the general American population. In socioeconomically challenged communities living in the United States, public health practitioners have observed an increase in frequency of obesity in latest years unlike in the past. Discussion For an individual to be obese, he or she has to accumulate a lot of fats in his or her body that are not needed hence causing a health problem in his or her life. Obesity can be detected in the early life of a child or an adult because of poor dietary habits. Hence, poor eating habits cause more obesity among children and adults than either genetic factors or physical activity. In the modern era, there is large numbers of people with obesity and even overweight, whereby, people’s eating habits have greatly changed leading to this health problem all over the world. Unlike i n the past where people used to cook at home, nowadays more people are turning to processed foods that they get from restaurants and other eateries. This has mainly been because of changes in lifestyles where parents have become busier with their jobs that they do not find time to cook or prepare meals at home. These processed foods contain more fats and calories than homemade foods thus increase the risk of obesity among children and even the adults who consume it. The eating habits of many children are uncontrolled since their parents are not with them when they are eating. On the other hand, parents are not teaching their children on healthy eating and thus children eat a lot of junk foods that tend to be sweeter or tastier, this also increases the risk of obesity. Obesity in childhood has been a major concern in most developed economies such the US. Despite the fact that children are less at risk of weight-related health problems than adults are, obese children are more likely t o suffer from chronic conditions such as diabetes and heart problems in their adulthood. Causes of Obesity Too much calorie intake; with the changing dietary habits, many families have abandoned healthy eating and foods such as fruits and vegetables and instead have turned to unhealthy foods such as red meat and other high calorie foods. Children are also eating uncontrollably, therefore, they end up eating more frequently and more food than the necessary one required by the body to function normally. Moreover, children are not trained on healthy eating habits; hence, they continue to eat indiscriminately, opting for foods that are either sweeter or tastier that also increase the risk of childhood obesity. Lack of physical activity; this has also greatly contributed to obesity among most children and even adults. Today, many children and adults are not doing exercises that burn excess calories in their bodies. Lack of physical activity is related to poor dietary habits since after t aking too much calories, individuals do not burn the excess calories through taking part in physical activity, and instead, they spend more time in doing less strenuous activities. Additionally, most children use cars to move from one place to another, even for short distances, instead of walking which would

Business Case of Curtin Hospital Research Paper

Business Case of Curtin Hospital - Research Paper Example To adapt to the substantial growth of the business, Curtin hospital needs to take technological help to reduce the workload of its employees. The business case study deals with the implementation of a clinical terminology system which will work in the background of the EDIS. The product will also feature ICD-10-AM mapping including the full details of the coding rules. The case study focuses on the feasibility of the above mentioned system. The procedures applied for the case study underwent the option evaluation and came out with results favoring the implementation against the hiring of new personnel to reduce the workload and increase the effectiveness of the operation. The advantages and the disadvantages both in respect of the patients and the hospital authority were considered. Though the cost factor was significant enough and proved to be a major concern for the hospital authority but the preferred option which evaluated from the comparative analysis was significantly in favor of the ICD-10- AM encoder. The favorability of the project led to the devising of the project management strategy. Various areas relating to the implementations of the project were considered and their planning was done accordingly. Areas like manpower requirement, Funding of the project, operational policies and other social implications were considered and results rai sed concern for the future funding to be required for careful maintenance of the project, while other areas had satisfactory management control. Based on the plans for implementation, the milestones and stages of implementation were chalked out and the project was scheduled to be in full fledged operation in three months from the date of installation. In the stages of implementation much focus was given on the review stage and the benefit realization plan to access the benefits arising out of the project. T was noted that the benefits and the time taken to achieve them were satisfactory. The case study also focused on the risks to be associated with the project and clearly identified them along with their mitigation strategy. Every aspect of successful implementation were carefully analyzed in the case study. Introduction Curtin hospital is a leading emergency and the elective specialty hospital known for providing the best service to the community of Western Australia. It covers a community of people living in rural and remote area. The recent projects undertaken by the hospital includes research and the teaching activities. The popularity of the health service provided has become immensely popular over the years and most of the people choose Curtin hospital as their favorable destination for treatment. Curtin hospital has to deal with a large number of patients each day and they were looking for the automation in the business. In the process of the automation building they are looking to install a clinical coding system which carries out its performance with the help of ICD-10-AM which are used to interpret the correct code and looks to minimize the errors and cutoff the overtimes. The hospital will also provide morbidity data in a timely manner and carry out its work with the objective of the Health Information Centre. Background: ICD-10-AM encoder is designed to provide the full coding rules and application relating to the clinical communication and retain s all the data stored along with the concepts. The clinical data under the implementation of the system will consist of all the minute details of the

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 46

Leadership - Essay Example He must use his power to fix things in accordance with the ethical standards. Moral courage is one of the many characteristics a leader must possess because if he lacks moral courage, he will never be able to take a positive step for those working under his leadership. Moral courage serves as the backbone of leadership. In a corporate setting, moral courage serves as the strength of character which allows the leader to lead his people without any fear of anyone or anything. When a leader is practicing moral courage, he has the guts to stand for his subordinates when needed, fight against injustice and suggest fair rewards and punishments. If an organization possess a leader who does not take righteous actions and decisions when required then the organization is likely to experience failure. We agree that it is a commander who leads a regiment and any failure on the part of regiment actually represents the poor leadership skills and lack of moral courage of the commander. If a leader can differentiate between right and wrong accurately and can raise a voice against the injustice going on regarding the policies, procedures and structures within an organization, only then he can bring about positive change in the culture as well as in the mindset of people. But it is really essential for a leader practicing moral courage that he must think and act within the ethical boundaries laid down by the organization. Sometimes the actions made by leaders in the name of moral courage allow those working under them to emulate them thereby setting a trend. This trend could be positive or negative. For instance, in the case study ‘Darker Shades of Blue’, Lt. Col. Holland gave a great flying performance for his 1993 Fairchild air show where he exceeded the technical order guidance thrice. The juniors who have seen Holland flying the way he likes by ignoring the defined guidance

Business Case of Curtin Hospital Research Paper

Business Case of Curtin Hospital - Research Paper Example To adapt to the substantial growth of the business, Curtin hospital needs to take technological help to reduce the workload of its employees. The business case study deals with the implementation of a clinical terminology system which will work in the background of the EDIS. The product will also feature ICD-10-AM mapping including the full details of the coding rules. The case study focuses on the feasibility of the above mentioned system. The procedures applied for the case study underwent the option evaluation and came out with results favoring the implementation against the hiring of new personnel to reduce the workload and increase the effectiveness of the operation. The advantages and the disadvantages both in respect of the patients and the hospital authority were considered. Though the cost factor was significant enough and proved to be a major concern for the hospital authority but the preferred option which evaluated from the comparative analysis was significantly in favor of the ICD-10- AM encoder. The favorability of the project led to the devising of the project management strategy. Various areas relating to the implementations of the project were considered and their planning was done accordingly. Areas like manpower requirement, Funding of the project, operational policies and other social implications were considered and results rai sed concern for the future funding to be required for careful maintenance of the project, while other areas had satisfactory management control. Based on the plans for implementation, the milestones and stages of implementation were chalked out and the project was scheduled to be in full fledged operation in three months from the date of installation. In the stages of implementation much focus was given on the review stage and the benefit realization plan to access the benefits arising out of the project. T was noted that the benefits and the time taken to achieve them were satisfactory. The case study also focused on the risks to be associated with the project and clearly identified them along with their mitigation strategy. Every aspect of successful implementation were carefully analyzed in the case study. Introduction Curtin hospital is a leading emergency and the elective specialty hospital known for providing the best service to the community of Western Australia. It covers a community of people living in rural and remote area. The recent projects undertaken by the hospital includes research and the teaching activities. The popularity of the health service provided has become immensely popular over the years and most of the people choose Curtin hospital as their favorable destination for treatment. Curtin hospital has to deal with a large number of patients each day and they were looking for the automation in the business. In the process of the automation building they are looking to install a clinical coding system which carries out its performance with the help of ICD-10-AM which are used to interpret the correct code and looks to minimize the errors and cutoff the overtimes. The hospital will also provide morbidity data in a timely manner and carry out its work with the objective of the Health Information Centre. Background: ICD-10-AM encoder is designed to provide the full coding rules and application relating to the clinical communication and retain s all the data stored along with the concepts. The clinical data under the implementation of the system will consist of all the minute details of the

Physiology of Aging Essay Example for Free

Physiology of Aging Essay Aging is a process that all humans must go through, and as life expectancy increases it becomes more important to understand the intimate details to normal aging process. Maintaining health is very important to this process, the older a person becomes the more medical services is needed. Since aging is a process that begins when you are conceived and continues for as long as we live out life span, our body reflects genetic components and environmental experience. So in a genetic way our bodies has the capacity to adapt and repair as well as collect damages from disease process. In this society, we now think of 65 to 74 years old as â€Å"young old†, 75 to 84 as â€Å"middle old† and 84 plus, as â€Å" old old†. With the our age advancing all of our body’s systems eventually reduce to a slow rate while everyone’s aging experience is different, there are some generalizations that can be seen in each of the body’s systems. Skin, the primary function of the skin is to protect the organism from the environment. But as we age our skin looses it is thickness by about 20 percent. The skin becomes thin and fragile and can no longer retain internal heat. For the Musculoskeletal, muscle mass is a primary source of metabolic heat. When muscles contract, heat will generate. The heat that the muscle puts out maintains body temperature, to require normal body function. Around the third decade of person’s life span, the muscle tissue reduces in size, elasticity and strength. As a result the body gets older and muscular activity becomes less takes more to complete a task. As for the respiratory function the lungs lose elastic recoil in the lung tissues. These changes can reduce the efficiency of gas exchange and lake hard to exercise. The cardiovascular function usually shows a slowdown in the autonomic nervous system, but is usually good enough to allow moderate physical activity, throughout their lives. As for the metabolism and Endocrine with old age comes the reduction in hormone production. This reduction affects the metabolism, water, electrolyte, carbohydrate, protein, lipid and vitamins disorder is common with the aging process. Like other systems, the nervous system also changes with age. There is loss of neurons and in the spinal cord and hearing, slight, and touch is reduces depression can easily be the result of this. All and all-elderly people are at a disadvantage when it comes to generating metabolic heat. They have less muscle structure. And their skin provides less protection from heat loss. They have impaired neurotransmissions that then make them less active. This is life and its aging process, which need to keep healthy and take it â€Å"one day at a time†.

Ways In Which Consumer Choice Is Influenced Commerce Essay

Ways In Which Consumer Choice Is Influenced Commerce Essay The aim of this essay is to critically evaluate the ways in which consumer choice is influenced by our psychological need to create and maintain both our personal and social self-concept. Two years ago, I looked at my wardrobe and came to the conclusion that I had enough clothes but something was still missing. I had more than enough clothes but I didnt have a perfect bag that suited all my clothes. I came to the conclusion that I had a new mission. Instead of buying a relatively cheap bag I decided to save money to buy the perfect bag I always wanted to have. It took me quite a long time before I had the amount of money of buy the perfect bag. However I wanted the perfect bag so badly that I worked hard to get the money. After a few months I bought the perfect bag that suited my entire wardrobe. However after the purchase I did not feel better with my new and relatively expensive perfect bag. It was not even big enough to fit al my personal belongings. I asked myself the question why I wanted that bag so badly and why the bag did not make me happier. Why didnt I just save my money for something more special? Why did I want such a fashionably item? Overall I asked mys elf the question what kinds of factors have influenced me to buy that special bag. Furthermore I asked myself if this mission was not a perfect illustration of factors that influenced my personal buying behavior. In the essay I will evaluate my purchase experience and analyze why consumers can show a certain consumer behavior. According to Asome (2012) I am perfect example of showing my personality with a certain bag and that I want to be seen as an exclusive shopper. In the end I bought the bag to reward myself, to satisfy my psychological need and to try to make myself feel better. I spend hours in other shops considering and comparing other different bags, not worrying about the price, but in the end anything kept me from buying that one and only bag. This purchase was a perfect example of my self-concept. I wanted define myself with this expensive and exclusive bag, but some factors have influenced my purchase. I did not choose for a cheaper alternative. I wanted to be associated and seen by others as a person who was up to date and following the latest fashion trends. However the bag was not even practical. The outside of my bag was saying more about my identity. My first choice was not based on the form or function of the bag but about the way I wanted to show my identity. People have reflections of their attitudes towards themselves. Whether these attitudes are negative of positive, these attitudes will help to make a decision about products or services. Most attitudes are automatically being influenced due to the past experience and the perception of certain products and services. However these automatically attitudes will not always lead to the same choices as it will be more influences by the social and cultural environment as well. Purchases can be used to boost consumers self-esteem or to reward themselves. This is what I did after saving money to buy the perfect bag. In the end the possessions of people will help to reflect their identities. According to Knor ang tatt (2010) Modern shoppers buy things to reward themselves, to satisfy psychological needs or to make themselves feel good. Consumers are being influenced by their perception, motivation, learning or beliefs and attitudes as well to buy a certain product. These psychological influences have an enormous impact on the consumer buying behaviour. The world is changing as well as the needs and wants of the consumers throughout the world. Trends, technology, innovation and the World Wide Web are influencing the way people are. These factors are affecting the buying behaviour of the consumer throughout the world. The globalization makes the world smaller as well as creating more demand for products and services. Marketers are constantly seeking to understand how consumers behave around the world. They are trying to create gaps in the global market as well as responding to the needs of the customers. Their influence has never been so strong due to the influence of programming, social media and advertising. The process by which people purchase products and services is influenced by their need and wants. According to Solomon (2007) the processes involved when individuals or groups select, purchase, use or dispose of products, services, ideas or experience to satisfy needs or desires. The process by which consumers decide which products and services they will select can be highly more complex and variable. (Solomon 2007). The consumers needs and wants are constantly changing. Nowadays the individual consumption behaviour is in the middle of attention and it is a meaningful practise of our every day life. My purchase was heavily influenced by the opinions and behaviours of my social group. All my friends did have a perfect bag that suited their entire wardrobe. I was influenced by having conversations about the latest fashion trends with my friends rather than being influenced by the commercials, magazines or advertising made by the marketers. I did not want to buy a bag from maybe even a more practical and more quality brand. I wanted to be approved by my friends that all loved that particular brand. People share cultural values and have beliefs and attitudes about how they think the world should be. Other groups are influencing people as well: their subculture or their social class. Buying a perfect bag does not mean that it signify my social status unless others in the reference groups or social groups share the same ideas and beliefs as I did. In this case my reference group had heavily influenced me. The people who matter to me value the idea that I needed to be style conscious, independent, show your identity with expensive clothes and following the latest fashion trends. My purchase was heavily influenced by the opinions and behaviours of my friends. All my friends did have a perfect bag that suited their entire wardrobe. I was influenced by having conversations about the latest fashion trends with my friends rather than being influenced by the commercials, magazines or advertising made by the marketers. I did not want to buy a bag from maybe even a more practical and more quality brand, as I wanted to be approved by my social group that all loved that particular brand. Marketers have to try to identity reference groups of their target markets. According to Bearden and Etzel (1982) reference groups concepts have been used by advertisers in their efforts to persuade consumers to purchase products and brands. The effect of the reference group is large on customer behaviors because they expose people to new behaviors and lifestyles. Looking at trends and innovation people change their lifestyle constantly to keep going with the rest of the world. Reference groups influences attitudes and the self-concept as well. Reference group usage of a brand provides user image associations and psychologi- cal benefit associations for brands (Muniz OGuinn, 2001). This means that certain brands are being used to create and define a consumers self-concept. Consumers want to link themselves with the things they like and they want to present themselves to others through their brand choices. They are choosing for certain brands due to their self-image, brand image and the choice of the reference group. Reference groups are associated with certain brands. Customers want to be connected with a certain reference groups because they want to be associated with them. Escalas and Bettman (2003)states that brand use by reference groups is a source of brand associations, which become linked to consumers men- tal representation of self as consumers actively construct themselves by selecting brands with associations relevant to an aspect of their current self-concept or possible self. This means that consumers like the same things as the reference groups do. So customers are not only associated with certain brands as their reference group but also due their self-concept. I always had the intention to buy the bag because it suited my image but my reference group really pushed me a little bit more to by the bag in the end. Another aspect is the influence of culture that creates a certain meaning of products in different kind of societies. Every person carries within him or herself patterns of thinking, feeling and acting that were learned throughout their lifetime. (Hofstede 2005) Cultural influences are the basis of customer behavior because it is the way people act, create and learn things in the society. It creates a certain importance of things in life. According to Hofstede (2005) culture is the collective programming of the mind that distinguished the members of one group or category of people from others. This means that the subjective culture influence the practices, values and cognitive beliefs of consumers, which in the end influences the attitude and social norms as well. Culture differs from one society to another and therefore there are different consumer behaviour looking at different societies. Customers who strongly feel connected with their environment, care about their own culture and are giving careful thoughts about certain products and services. Markets are identifying other kinds of cultural groups: subculture, social class to understand the needs and wants of consumers as well. An interesting feature is consumers change all the time. The world changes constantly and so do people. Consumers have the capability of being part of one subculture as well as being influenced through other factors therefore they can change. Customer can have many assumptions about clothes, food, services and how people interact with each other. This has the ability to change after encountering different environments. However once something is embedded in peoples culture marketers found it difficult to change their well-established identity. It is something what people learned and found important right from the scratch. Symbols, heroes, rituals and values remain unconscious to those who hold them and most of the time only the practices of a culture can be learned and change throughout people lives. Generally all different kind of groups have the capability of unconscious pressure to influence and to re-enforce people. The consumer choice is also being influence by the symbolical meaning of products and services. The level of involvement plays an important role in the perception and importance of products and services. Most low involvement purchases are most of the time not showing heavily influenced consumer behaviour as these purchases have limited information and a simple decision process. High involvement products are associated with symbolic meaning for the consumers sense of the self. Their emotional processes rather than cognitive evaluation are influencing consumers. Consumers are taking symbolic meanings into account when they are thinking about a purchase and making a consumption choice. According to Elliot (1998) these meanings also serve in the construction, maintenance and communication of social and individual identity. Low self esteem are most of the time associated with dysfunctional and sometimes abdicative consumer behavior as well whereas products with symbolic meanings are embed ded in the areas of the personal self behavior. Furthermore they are intensely integrated in the growth, affection and support of social groups and relationships. Thats because consumer are most of the time giving presents to each other containing a symbolic meaning. According to Wattanasuwan (2005) people employ consumption symbolically not only to create and sustain the self but also to locate us in the society. Again this is being influences by our self as well as being part of peoples own environment. Consumers make purchases when they contain symbolic meanings. I wanted to be buy the perfect bag that symbolized I am an independent and fashionably young women. In the end all consumption has a meaning of symbolism to create and identify the self as well as to be associated and viewed by others. According to Gabriel and Lang (1995) we consume clothes, hairstyles, shoes, cars, computers and other products that contribute to the symbolic means of self-identification, through which we align ourselves emotionally with those sharing our lifestyles. The perfect bag was an example of symbolism because I felt that I belong to the fashion group that I had created by buying the bag. Marketers, reference groups, social groups, and other external factors do not only influence customers. People change and therefore their subconscious and conscious decision behaviour will change during their lifetime. Different life stages are changing the consumer behavior, material goods and their self-completion. A perfect example is celebrating Christmas once a year. Most people see Christmas as a memory of happy times. The transition of life stages makes people perceptions, attitudes and buying behavior different. Children are being more excited than adults. They are more nervous about how many presents they will get from the Santa clause every year. Adults are less excited and they want to celebrate Christmas with their family by having diner and catching up good old memories. This is something that marketers cannot influence as well because people change themselves. The world is rapidly developing and changing as a result values, needs and consumer behaviour are changing constantly as well. Nowadays consumers do not buy products only because of their main function or to satisfy their needs. Customers are choosing for products that have a brand personality that matches their own self-concept. It has become more complex where the todays role of products exceeds its basic role. Innovation, trends and the power of the World Wide Web are making the needs and the wants more complicated. Customers are seeking for products that fulfil and create their perceived value, personal and self- concept. However not only the consumer characteristics and the consumer physiological needs influence the choice of the consumer. People change themselves as well while growing up. The different life-stages have the capability to loose certain product characteristics and psychological needs as well as creating a demand for other products and services. My perfect bag was a perfect example of being influenced by both internal and external factors. Two years ago I wanted the perfect bag and did everything to get the perfect bag. Now being older and having more knowledge and life experience I can conclude that I will never make such a purchase. The then internal, external factors and the transition of my life made me realize that they are more important things than such a materialistic bag. However I change all the time and I will never stop changing. What I value today is already going to be different tomorrow. Marketers, internal and external factors are always influencing my decision buying pr ocess. Maybe I wont fall for the perfect bag anymore but there will be something else that will influence me which will create and maintain both my personal and self-concept again. Words 2523